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CKRKMONIKS 



OONNECTKD WITH THB 



UNVEILING OF THE BRONZE STATUE 



li 



LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA, 



JULY 21st, 1891. 



!n// 



Jed. TTotcliMss, 
Consulting gineep, 

346 B ^ '■^^^> 

Staunton, Va, 




Gen. Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson. 



CBREMONIKS 



CONNECTED WITH THE 



UNVEILING OF THE BRONZE STATUE 



J.( 



LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA, 



JULY aist, 1891. 



BY 

WILLIAM McLaughlin, 

A Member of the Executive Committee of the Jackson Memorial Association. 



BALTIMORE: 

JOHN MURPHY & CO, 
1891 . 



CONTENTS 



Paoe. 

Historical Sketch of the Jackson Memorial Association 5 

UNVEit,iNG Ceremonies 23 

Address of General Jural A. Early 33 

The Procession 56 

Incidents of the Procession 61 

Conclusion 64 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



Jackson Memorial Association. 



The movement for the erection of a monument at the grave of 
Lieutenant-General Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson had its incep- 
tion in a meeting, at the house of Adjutant William W. Lewis in 
Lexington, in January, 1875, of Confederate soldiers who had 
served under Jackson. 

It was. determined to inaugurate the movement, the corporators 
were selected, and Col. Charles A. Davidson, who had served 
as an officer of the First Virginia Battalion, was appointed a 
committee to prepare a charter and have it enacted into a 
law by the General Assembly of Virginia. Such a charter 
was prepared and l)ecame a law on the 8th day of March, 
1875. It incorporated James K. Edmondson, William W. 
Lewis, Charles A. Davidson, James J. White, Alexander T. 
Barclay, William A. Anderson, John C. Boude, John T. Sayers, 
John W. Lyell, William F. Johnston, William McLaughlin, 
Henry K. Douglass, Robert W. Hunter, Samuel J. C. Moore, 
Asher W. Harman, Thomas D. Hanson, George G. Grattan, 
James A. Walker, Hunter H. McGuire, James P. Smith, George 
G. Junkin, John H. B. Jones, David E. Moore, James L. 
White, Calvin M. Dold, and such other persons as they should 
associate -vyith them, by the name and style of the Jackson 
Memorial Association. 

5 



6 Jackson Memorial Association. 

The objects aud purposes of this corporation were declared to be 
" to erect a suitable monument over the grave of Lieuteuant-Gen- 
eral Thomas J. Jackson, aud such other monuments as it may 
be determined to erect in perpetuation of his memory, and to 
purchase and beautify grounds for the location of such monu- 
ments," and the Association was invested with all the powers of 
a corporation. The corporators named were constituted the Ex- 
ecutive Committee of the Association, with power to increase the 
number of the committee, to fill the offices of the corporation, and 
to fill any vacancies that might occur in their body by death or 
otherwise. 

Soon after the charter was obtained some money was contributed, 
but at a conference of the resident incorporators it was ascer- 
tained that most of those who would be active members of this 
Association were also active members of the Lee Memorial Asso- 
ciation ; and as that Association was earnestly engaged in erecting 
a suitable monument to General Robert E. Lee, it was thought 
best to defer the work of this Association until that was accom- 
plished. The beautiful recumbent statue of General Robert E. 
Lee by Valentine was placed in position over his remains in a 
mausoleum attached to the chapel of Washington and Lee Uni- 
versity, and unveiled with imposing ceremonies on the 28th day 
of June, 1883. 

This being done it was determined to commence the work of the 
Jackson Memorial Association. A meeting for the purpose of 
organizing for active work was held at Lexington on the fifth day 
of September, 1883. There were present at this meeting William 
Mcl^aughlin, John W. Lyell, James K. Edmondson, Thomas D. 
Ranson, David E. Moore, C. Al. Dold and John C. Boude. John 
C. Boude was elected Secretary, and Charles M. Figgat Treasurer 
of the Association. It was " resolved that the Association endeavor 
to raise a sufficient sum to be expended in a suitable monument to 
be erected at the grave of General Thomas J. Jackson in the cem- 
etery at Lexington, Virginia." Another meeting was held on the 
1 3th of September, 1883, to complete the organization under the 
charter, when General G. W. C. Lee was elected President of the 
Jackson Memorial Association, and Col. James K. Edmondson 
Chairman of the Executive Committee. It appearing that Col. 



Jackson Memorial Association. 7 

Charles A. Davidson had departed this life, and that William W. 
Lewis had removed from the State, Col. Edmund Pendleton and 
James D. Anderson were elected to fill these vacancies. 

The organization of the Jackson Memorial Association was as 
follows, it being worthy of note that no further vacancies for any 
cause occurred during the eight years of its active work : 

President. 
Major-Generai> G. W. C. Lee, C. S. A. 

Executive Committee. 

Col. James K. Edmondson, 27th Va. Inf., Chairman. 

Maj.-Gen. James A. Walker, C. S. A. 

Col. John W. Lyell, 47th Va. Inf. 

Col. Asher W. Harman, 12th Va. Cav. 

Col. Edmund Pendleton, 15th La. Inf. 

Hunter H. McGuire, Medical Director 2d Corps, A. N. V. 

Lt.-Col. W^illiam McLaughlin, Artillery, C. S. A. 

Lt.-Col. Henry K. Douglass, Staff of 2d Corps, A. N. V. 

Maj. Robert W. Hunter, Asst. Adjt.-Gen. 2d Corps, A. N.V. 

Maj. S. J. C. Moore, Asst. Adjt.-Gen. 2d Corps, A. N. V. 

Maj. George G. Junkin, Virginia Cavalry. 

Capt. James J. White, 4th Va. Inf. 

John T. Sayers, Surgeon 4th Va. Inf. 

Capt. James P. Smith, Aid to Gen. Jackson. 

Capt. John C. Boude, 27th Va. Inf. 

Capt. George G. Grattan, Asst. Adjt.-Gen. Colquitt's Brigade. 

Capt. James L. White, Asst. Adjt.-Gen. Stonewall Brigade. 

Ensign Alex. T. Barclay, 4th Va. Inf. 

Lt. J. H. B. Jones, 4th Va. Inf. 

Sergt.-Maj. Thomas D. Ranson, 52d Va. Inf. 

Sergt. David E. Moore, Rockbridge Artillery. 

Or.-Sergt. William A. Anderson, 4th Va. Inf. 

Or.-Sergt. James D. Anderson, 25th Va. Inf. 

William F. Johnston, Rockbridge Artillery. 

Calvin M. DoiiD, Rockbridge Artillery. 



8 Jackson Memorial Association. 

On the 31st day of December, 1884, the Executive Committee 
issued an appeal to " the Comrades and Countrymen of Stonewall 
Jackson " for aid in the enterprise they had undertaken. The 
following is an extract from the address : 

" More than twenty years have passed since the death of Gen. 
T. J. Jackson, and the spot where he lies buried is unmarked, 
save by the simple stone placed there from limited means by his 
devoted wife. 

" We well know that he needs no monument.' His grand figure 
will loom up in history, though this generation pass away and leave 
no sign of its appreciation of his virtues and his greatness. 

" But the men among whom he lived, moved and earned immor- 
tality ; the people whose cause he illustrated by his prowess and 
vindicated by his noble Christian life and heroic death ; the sur- 
viving soldiers of the brigade, division and corps whom he led and 
loved, and whose names are linked with his to immortal renown, 
should not go down to their graves without leaving some enduring 
memorial of their affection for him, and their admiration for his 
splendid achievements and character. 

" In this spirit the ' Jackson Memorial Association,' con- 
sisting of soldiers who served under and with General Jackson, has 
been organized under a charter granted by the State of Virginia. 

" The object of the Association is to erect at the grave of our 
beloved leader a monument commemorative of the love and venera- 
tion in which his countrymen cherish his memory. 

" The Association and its object have the sympathy and approval 
of the honored widow of our dead chieftain, as will be seen from 
her letter, a copy of which is annexed to this address." 

The letter of Mrs. Jackson referred to is as follows : 

"Richmond, Va., October 22d, 1884. 

" Col. J. K. Edmondson. 

" Dear Sir, — I am greatly gratified to learn that the object of 
the ' Jackson Memorial Association ' is to erect a monument over 
the grave of my husband in the cemetery at Lexington. 



Jackson Memorial Association. 9 

" You were kind enough to suggest that some expression of my 
approval of this design would aid in its accomplishment. If so, 
permit me to say the organization, with its corps of officers, seems 
to me to be all that could be desired, and I will await with the 
deepest interest the result of this purpose to do honor to the name 
and memory of General Jackson. 

" Faithfully yours, 

M. A. Jackson." 

The appeal was responded to from different parts of the country. 
William W. Corcoran, the eminent philanthropist, subscribed 
$1,000. Agents were sent out who met with moderate success. 
Handsome contributions, however, were received from Charleston, 
Columbia, and Greenville, S. C, Charlestown, West Va., and 
Staunton, Va. The latter embraced $182.50, the proceeds of a 
lecture delivered by Col. William Allan. 

In December, 1885, a number of ladies of Lexington were 
invited to meet at the Franklin Hall to organize for the purpose 
of raising funds in aid of the monument fund. At the appointed 
time seven ladies met and were addressed by Col. Edmondson. 
After a short conference they determined to have a bazaar and 
concert, and to direct all their energies to the accomplishment of 
the object which met their hearty approval. They adjourned until 
the second of January, 1886, when a large number of ladies 
attended and formed The Ladies' Jackson Memorial Association, 
for the purpose of aiding this laudable cause. 

The organization of the Association was as follows : 

Miss Mary V. Kirkpatrick, President. 
Miss Edmonia P. Waddell, Viee-Presidmt. 
Miss Mercer Williamson, Secretary. 
Mrs. E. a. Duncan, Treasure): 

Executive Committee. 

Mrs. S. P. Lee, Mrs. James J. White, 

Mrs. J. B. Tayler, Mrs. T. L. Preston, 

Mrs. E. Duval, Mrs. W. T. Jewell, 

Mrs. A. L. Nelson, Mrs. S. Pitzer, 



10 Jackson Memorial Association. 

Miss Susan Parks, Mrs. J. Willis, 

Mrs. G. P. Chalkley, Mrs. Charles M. Figgat, 

Miss Annie R. White, Mrs. H. Davin, 

Miss Madge Paxton, Mrs. J. Evans, 

Mrs. J. A. Jackson, Mrs. J. W. Lyell, 

Mrs. A. D. Estill, Mrs. J. K. Edmondson. 

Miss Nannie Brady, 

The Association went actively to work preparing for the bazaar, 
and the ladies of the town engaged in it with their whole hearts. 
Contributions in money, supplies, and fancy articles were solicited 
in the northern and western cities, and in Virginia and the South, 
and the appeals met with a gratifying response. The bazaar was 
held in February, 1886, in the buildings of the Ann Smith Acad- 
emy, which were generously tendered by Miss Madge Paxton, the 
Principal. It lasted for a week, and, although the weather was 
very bad, was liberally patronized. The proceeds amounted to 
$1,196.05, which, augmented by membership fees and contribu- 
tions in money, enabled the treasurer, Mrs. E. A. Duncan, to turn 
over to the Jackson Memorial Association on the 23d of February, 
1886, the handsome sum of $2,000. Among the money contribu- 
tions were $100 from Gen. G. W. C. Lee through Mrs. A. L. 
Nelson, and a like sum from Gen. J. A. Early through Mrs. J. 
Wills. Mrs. Duncan, being about to remove from the county, 
resigned her position as treasurer, and Miss Mary Nelson Pendleton 
was elected in her place. 

The Ladies' Association continued to press their work, and their 
eiForts met a liberal response, and up to April 1st, 1889, they were 
enabled to turn over to the Jackson Memorial Association the 
further sum of $3,080.62. This included the $1,000 previously 
subscribed by Mr. Corcoran and remitted through Mrs. James J. 
White ; $250 from Mr. Paul Tulane of Princeton, N. J., through 
Mrs. Margaret J. Preston ; $100 from Col. William P. Thompson, 
of Cleveland, Ohio, through Miss Edmonia P. Waddell ; $50 from 
Miss Mildred C. Lee, through Miss Mary V. Kirkpatrick; $144.10 
collected by Mrs. Helen Bruce in Louisville, Ky.; $152 collected 
by Mrs. A. W. Gaines in Chattanooga, Tenu.; $100 collected by 
Miss Mamie Echols, a little girl at Balcony Falls, and sent 



Jackson Memorial Association. 11 

through Mrs. J. K. Edmondson ; $63, the proceeds of a lecture in 
Lexington, by Col. William Allan; and $135.15, the proceeds of 
a concert given by the Stonewall Brigade Band in the chapel of 
Washington and Lee University. 

The money received by the Jackson Memorial Association was 
promptly and safely invested. 

In April, 1889, the Executive Committee felt that the funds in 
hand would enable them to commence their work, and that they 
could safely trust to the liberality of a patriotic people to supply 
what was wanting to complete it. Accordingly they entered into 
correspondence with the artist, Edward V. Valentine, who had 
designed the beautiful recumbent figure of General Robert E. Lee, 
with reference to a suitable memorial. By invitation he met the 
Committee on the 8th day of May, 1888. He appeared before the 
Committee and strongly recommended a bronze statue of heroic 
size of General Jackson to be placed over his grave as the most 
fitting memorial. The Committee accepted his suggestion, and at 
once entered into a contract with Mr. Valentine to model and erect 
a bronze statue for the sum of $9,000 ; $1,700 to be paid when the 
small model was completed and accepted by the Committee, $2,800 
when the large model was completed in clay, and $4,500 when the 
statue in bronze was completed and delivered in Lexington. The 
work was to be completed in three years, and the 21st day of July, 
1891, the thirtieth anniversary of the battle of Manassas, where 
Jackson won his soubriquet, was selected as the day for the unveil- 
ing. When the contract was entered into Mrs. Jackson was 
informed of what had been done. She replied in the following 
letter : 

"Lexington, Va., July 5, 1888. 

" Col. J. K. Edmondson, 

" Chairman Jackson Memorial Association. 

" Dear Sir, — The work of your Association, which I find so 
advanced as to complete a contract with Mr. Valentine for a 
bronze portrait statue of Gen. Jackson, meets with my entire and 
cordial approval, and I shall be most happy to do all in my power 
to further the success of your laudable and patriotic enterprise in 
erecting this monument. I must also express my most grateful 
appreciation of the noble part the ladies of Lexington have taken 



12 Jackson Memoeial Association. 

in assisting you, and wish them and your Association god-speed in 
the accomplishment of a work so dear and sacred to my heart. 

" Faithfully yours, 

" M. A. Jackson, Executrix." 

The small model was completed and exhibited to the Committee 
on the first day of February, 1889, when it was approved and 
accepted unanimously, the vote being as follows : Gen. G. W. C. 
Lee, president. Col. James K. Edmondson, chairman. Col. Ed- 
mund Pendleton, Capt. J. J. White, Capt. John C. Boude, D. E. 
Moore, J. D. Anderson, C. M. Dold and A. T. Barclay. 

On the first day of March, 1890, the Committee was informed 
by Mr. Valentine that the clay model was about completed. He 
requested the Committee to inspect the model preparatory to casting. 
The Committee requested Dr. Hunter H. McGuire and the Rev. 
Moses D. Hoge, D. D., who were well acquainted with General 
Jackson and were well known art critics, to inspect the model and 
report. They did so and submitted the following report : 

" Richmond, April 23, 1890. 

" J. K. Edmondson, Esq., Chairman of the Executive Committee of 
the Jackson Memorial Association. 

" Dear Sir, — In compliance with your request that we should 
give you our impressions of the statue of General T. J. Jackson, 
which is now completed so far as the clay model is concerned, we 
beg leave to say that we have repeatedly visited the studio of Mr. 
Valentine while the work was in progress and since it was finished, 
and we regard it both in conception and in detail equal in merit 
with the recumbent statue of General Lee. 

" It represents Gen. Jackson in an attitude suggestive of strength 
and determination, looking off into the distance with an expression 
of quiet confidence. 

' " The posture is easy and natural, and yet there is a certain dig- 
nity in the bearing almost majestic. There is nothing dramatic or 
exaggerated either in the design or in the execution of the work, 
but it is one which in our judgment will gratify those who knew 



Jackson Memorial Association. 13 

General Jackson, as a good likeness and a noble delineation of the 
man, while to those who never saw him it will convey an impression 
which will satisfy the expectation awakened by one whose character 
and achievements touched the imagination of the world, and created 
the ideal of a true soldier of the Country and of the Cross. 

" Moses D. Hoge, 
" Hunter McGuire." 

The report was approved by the Committee, the model was 
placed in the hands of the moulder, The Henry Bonnard Bronze 
Company, in New York city, and was completed and safely housed 
in Lexington in December, 1890. 

The Committee continued to solicit contributions, and on the 31st 
of December, 1889, another circular was issued, from which we 
make the following extracts. 

" More than twenty-six years have passed since General Thomas 
J. Jackson fell at Chancellorsville, yet the spot where he lies 
buried is unmarked, save by the simple head-stone placed there by 
his widow, inscribed only with his name, and obscured by its sur- 
roundings. 

" We know that he needs no monument. His grand figure will 
loom up in history though this generation pass away and leave no 
sign of its appreciation of his virtues and of his greatness. 

" But the men among whom he lived and moved and earned 
immortality ; the people whose cause he illustrated by his prowess 
and vindicated by his noble Christian life and heroic death ; the 
surviving soldiers of the brigade, division and corps whom he led 
and loved, and whose names are linked with his to immortal 
renown, should not go down to their graves without leaving some 
enduring memorial of their affection for him, and their admiration 
for his character and his splendid achievements. 

" In this spirit the ' Jackson Memorial Association,' consisting 
of soldiers who served under and with General Jackson (some of 
them upon his staff), was organized in 1875 under a charter 
granted by the State of Virginia, with General G. W. C. Lee as 
President and Captain John C. Boude, of Lexington, as Secretary. 



14 Jackson Memorial Association. 

" Its object was to erect over the remains of our lamented leader 
a monument worthy to bear that illustrious name, and to acquire 
grounds suitable for the purpose. 

" It is needless to say that his widow approves the purpose thus 
to do honor to his memory, 

" The details of the work have been arranged, and it now 
approaches completion. A site in all respects suitable was secured 
in the cemetery at Lexington, near by the grave, sufficient in 
dimensions and encircled by a carriage drive, commanding a beau- 
tiful prospect of the Valley and the Blue Ridge Mountains. A 
massive pedestal will be erected, of the native gray limestone, with 
a crypt within to receive the remains, and this surmounted by a 
standing figure, of heroic size (eight feet), in bronze, which, it is 
confidently hoped, will be a lifelike resemblance of our dead chief- 
tain, and a work in every respect worthy of the artist's high 
reputation. The contract for the statue was made with our Vir- 
ginia sculptor, Valentine, who was fortunately in possession of the 
death mask, taken while the body lay at Richmond, and has seen 
his subject. His small model, under the crucial test of exhibition 
at Lexington, was pronounced a most faithful likeness. The 
larger one is almost ready for the casting in bronze. The expecta- 
tion is to have the entire work in place for its inauguration on the 
21st July, 1891, the thirtieth anniversary of a memorable day. It 
will preserve, in material the most enduring, the very features and 
the form so often seen and cheered at the edge of battle. The 
figure and the pose are as perfect as the face." 

Some contributions were received in response to this circular, 
but not sufficient to justify the Committee in relying upon these 
means to raise the requisite balance required. Accordingly they 
again sought the aid of the Ladies' Memorial Association, and 
found a warm response. The ladies entered into the object with 
their former zeal and alacrity, and at once commenced preparations 
for another bazaar. They also commenced correspondence with 
admirers of General Jackson all over the country, and were well 
repaid for their labors. The bazaar was held in the public school 
building in Lexington, and commenced on the fifteenth of Decem- 
ber, 1891. The ladies of the town entered into it with spirit, and 



Jackson Memorial Association. 15 

although the weather was again bad, the sum of $1,047.78 was 
realized. Contributions to a large amount were received in 
response to the appeals of the ladies. The contributors were 
numerous, and from all parts of the country. We have only space 
to note the more important. 

There was received, through Mrs. John R. Tucker, $50 from 
Gen. Joseph R. Anderson of Richmond, $50 from R. A. 
Robinson of Louisville, Ky., $25 from Gen. John Echols, $25 
from Dr. Hunter H. McGuire, $50 from Joseph Bryan, Esq., of 
Richmond, $100 from Charles B. Rouss of New York, and $100 
from Col. William P. Thompson; through Mrs. C. M. Figgat, $25 
from Philip Sublett of Richmond, and $25 from Charles M. Fry 
of New York; through Miss Mary N. Pendleton, $100 from 
Major Lewis Ginter of Richmond, and $100 from Gen. G. W. C. 
Lee ; $64.50, through Mrs. C. J. Brawley, from friends in Monroe 
city, Mo. ; $30 from Miss Norma Stewart of Richmond, through 
Miss Belle White ; Mr. May of New Orleans $50, through Miss 
Mary Lee; $103.75 from Buena Vista, through Mrs. Nichols and 
Mrs. Tucker ; from Mr. L. J. McCormick $25, through Miss Sue 
W. Paxton ; and $5 through Miss Glasgow ; $35 from Mrs. E. G. 
Johns, through Mrs. J. K. Edmondson ; Capt. J. P. Moore, $50 ; 
Judge James K. Edmondson, $100 ; M. M. Martin, $25 ; William 
A. Anderson, $50 ; and Thomas S. White, $50. As the reward of 
these efforts the ladies turned over to the Association the further 
sum of $3,308.31, making the total sum turned over by the Ladies' 
Association to the Jackson Memorial Association $8,388.93. 

It is but just to say that but for the zealous, efficient and enthu- 
siastic aid given by the ladies of Lexington the Jackson Memorial 
Association would have found it almost impossible to accomplish 
its work. 

On the 17th of February, 1891, the following resolution was 
adopted by the Executive Committee : 

" Resolved, that the Secretary communicate the following minute 
to Mrs. John A. Graham, president of the Ladies' Association : 

" This Committee desires again to acknowledge its indebtedness 
to the ladies of the Jackson Memorial Association for the generous 
and valuable assistance which they have rendered to this Associa- 



16 Jackson Memoeial Association. 

tion. The handsome sum realized through their persevering eiForts 
in conducting the recent bazaar will aid largely in completing the 
patriotic work which we have undertaken, and entitle them to this 
grateful recognition of their services." 

On the same day a proposition was received from Col. E.. Snow- 
den Andrews in behalf of the Westham Granite Works proposing 
to furnish the granite for the pedestal, and generously agreeing to 
remit the usual ten per cent, allowed for profit. The proposition 
was accepted. The granite was received in Lexington in July, 
1891, over the Richmond and Danville Railroad and Chesapeake 
and Ohio Railway, without charge for freight. The total cost to 
the Association was $1,110. 

When the cemetery was enlarged in 1880 a beautiful circle in 
the centre was reserved as the final resting place of General Jack- 
son's remains, and for the location of any monument that might 
be erected to his memory. The trustees of the Presbyterian 
church generously tendered this circle to the Association, and it 
was accepted as the most suitable place for the monument. Gen- 
eral Jackson had desired in his last moments to be buried in the 
cemetery of the Presbyterian church in Lexington, of which he 
was an officer, and to which he was so ardently attached, and as 
the monument was to be over his grave it was considered that this 
circle most appropriately fulfilled all the conditions. 

It was determined to construct a vault under the pedestal for 
the remains of General Jackson and his family. Accordingly 
Prof. David C. Humphreys, C. E., of Washington and Lee 
University, who designed the pedestal, was also selected to design 
the vault. A plan was drawn for a vault under ground, with six 
crypts, which might be increased in number, and was adopted. In 
May work was commenced on the vault under the direction of 
Mr. Edward J. Leyburn, and under the general supervision of 
General Lee and Professor Humphreys. In the latter part of 
June the remains of General Jackson and his daughter Mary 
Graham Jackson who died in infancy, were quietly removed to 
one of the crypts, and a few days afterwards the remains of his 
daughter, Mrs. Julia Jackson Christian, were placed in another 
crypt. The vault was completed and ready for the pedestal by 
the last of June. 



Jackson Memorial Association. 17 

In the early part of July the blocks for the pedestal began to 
arrive, and were placed successively in position, and on the 11th 
of July the statue was removed and placed on the pedestal. The 
whole work was most successfully conducted by Mr. Leyburn, 
without accident or jar, and great credit is due to him for his skill 
and care. The statue was then veiled until the final unveiling; on 
the 21st. The following description of the statue is taken from 
the Rockbridge County Netas, and is a better description than we 
could give : 

" The location is in the beautiful cemetery on one of the com- 
manding eminences around Lexington. Though it is in the City 
of the Dead, there is no suggestion of the sadness of the tomb 
about it. The site is beautiful and the prospect from it of moun- 
tain and valley is grand and majestic. 

" It is in the midst of the scenes and scenery where Jackson in life 
loved ' to look through Nature up to Nature's God.' It is among 
his friends and those dearest to him in life. Around him in death's 
quiet bivouac sleep many of his bravest and most trusted soldiers. 

" No more appropriate and fitting place for such a work could 
be conceived than in this quiet and now historic cemetery, which 
he chose as the last resting place for his remains. 

" The sub-base and foundation of the monument is a vault, con- 
taining six chambers. These chambers are in two tiers of three 
each. The central one of the lower tier contains the body of 
Jackson and the central one of the upper tier that of Mrs. Julia 
Jackson Christian, his daughter. In the crypt with the father are 
the remains of Mary Graham, an infant daughter. This part of 
the structure is underground, and is surrounded by a slightly ele- 
vated grass mound out of which the monument itself rises. 

" The statue itself is of bronze and is heroic in size. The figure 
is eight feet high and stands upon a bronze plinth eight inches thick. 
This rests upon a granite pedestal ten feet and six inches high, 
giving it from the ground to the top of the figure a height of nine- 
teen feet two inches. The pedestal is noble for its simplicity and 
chasteness of style and fit adaptation to the rest of the work. 

" It was constructed of Virginia granite from the Westham 
Granite Works, of Richmond, and weighs 31,550 lbs. The base 



18 Jackson Memorial Association. 

consists of four square graded slabs. Upon these rests a square 
plain column, which is surmounted by a cornice. 

" Upon the front side of the column is the simple inscription : 



JACKSON 



followed by the dates ' 1824-1863.' On the obverse side is the 
inscription : 

STONEWALL,. 

The other two sides are blank. 

" The figure faces southwest, and looks in the direction of the 
line of the Valley. The pose of the statue is admirable. It stands 
erect with the head bare and just sufficiently thrown back to repre- 
sent a person watching a distant object. The weight of the body 
is thrown in an easy and natural manner upon the left leg and is 
supported by the left hand resting on the hilt of a sheathed sword 
a little in the rear of the left side. The right leg is slightly bent 
and that foot is a little advanced. In the right hand is a field 
glass, carelessly resting on the right thigh as if just dropped into 
that position from being used a moment before. The dress is a 
Confederate officer's plain uniform with a Major General's insignia 
of rank on the collar. The feet are encased in cavalry boots reach- 
ing above the knee. The sword is buckled on and the plate of the 
sword belt has on it the Virginia coat of arms. The hilt bears the 
letters U. S. The sword is modelled after one like that worn by 
Gen. Jackson during the war, which was that of a United States 
artillery officer. 

" The conception of the whole figure is lifelike and natural. The 
likeness is first-rate and the impression it gives is exceedingly 
pleasant. The expression as a mere work of art has more life and 
vitality about it than any bronze figure we have seen. The com- 
manding posture and the keen and steady gaze impress the beholder 
with the idea that Jackson is watching a charge or some other 
important movement of his troops, and his satisfied and half pleased 
look indicates that things are progressing satisfactorily. The statue 
is a work worthy of the subject and of the artist. 

" The sculptor is Edward V. Valentine, of Richmond, who 
executed the recumbent figure of Gen. R. E. Lee, in Lexington, 
which is regarded as the finest piece of work of its character on 



Jackson Memorial Association. 19 

the continent. A very cultivated Englishman who visited this 
country a few years ago declared that there was no recumbent 
figure in Great Britain that excelled it. Valentine also executed 
the statue of Gen. Breckenridge, at Lexington, Ky., and the busts 
of various other Confederate celebrities, among them those of 
Governor Letcher and Commodore Maury. Valentine was a 
pupil of the celebrated Berlin sculptor, Kiss." 

The Executive Committee determined to make the unveiling 
ceremonies as imposing as possible. Lieutenant-General Wade 
Hampton was selected to preside on tiie occasion, Lieutenant-Gen- 
eral Jubal A. Early as the orator, and the Rev. A. C. Hopkins, 
D. D., of Charlestown, W. Va., an intimate friend of Jackson 
and a chaplain in the Stonewall Brigade, to conduct the religious 
exercises. Col. Thomas M. Semmes, of the Virginia Military 
Institute, a pupil of Jackson, was invited to read some spirited 
odes suitable to the occasion. Major-General James A. Walker, 
who had commanded the Stonewall Brigade with such conspicuous 
gallantry, and was its only surviving commander, was selected as 
chief marshal. Preparations were made for the reception and 
entertainment of the large crowds that were expected. The Chair- 
man of the Executive Committee sought to enlist the co-operation 
of the whole community both in town and county, and appointed 
the following committees ; how far he succeeded results will show : 

On Decoration. — E. L. Graham, Chairman, and C. H. Effinger, 
William H. White, H. O. Dold, Jack Withrow, Hugh W. 
McCrum, G. B. Larrick, Benj. F. Wade, R. K. Godwin, B. H. 
Gorrell, Wm. G. McDowell, R. S. Anderson and John W. Bar- 
clay ; and the following ladies were associated and requested to act 
with this committee, namely : Mrs. Col. Nichols, Mrs. A. D. 
Estill, Miss Bessie Wharton, Mrs. Mattie Haskins, and Miss 
Annie R. White. 

On Entertainment and Supplies. — John L. Campbell, Chairman, 
and J. P, Moore, Finley W. Houston, G. D. Letcher, M. W. 
Paxton, C. M. Figgat, W. C. Stuart, Wm. T. Shields, E. L. 
Perry, J. A. R. Varner, Thomas S. White, Tate Sterrett, S. O. 
Campbell, W. S. Hopkins, Frank T. Glasgow, H. H. Myers, 
E. M. Pendleton, R. E. Carter, S. R. Moore, E. H. Barclay ; and 



20 Jackson Memorial Association. 

the following persons were appointed outside of Lexington, namely : 
John P. Welsh, Hugh Adams, Jr., John T. Wilson, Wm. Wade, 
L. L. Watson, J. D. Anderson, R. R. Witt, Wm. F. Templetou, 
J. J. L. Kinnear, R. K. Dunlap, C. J. Bell, J. S. SaviUe, A. M. 
Monroe, Joseph M. Black, P. I. Huffman, John T. Dunlap, 
Charles H. Paxton and Dr. G. B. MeCorkle. 

On Reception of Supplies and Dispensing the same on the occasion 
of the Unveiling Ceremonies. — John P. Welsh, Chairman, and A. 
W. Varner, Sam'l C. Charlton, John A. M. Lusk, E. N. Boogher, 
C. R. Fox, Sam'l T. Ruff, Wm. B. Wallace, John W. Kelly, W. 
L. Crigler, T. J. Crigler, John A. Jackson, Wm. Breedlove, Jas. 
M. Senseney, J. V. Grimstead, Jayhugh Wills, C, H. Couch, John 
A. Champ, Wm. Mitchell, Charles V. Varuer, Charles Adams, 
Wm. Seal, Wm. McKee, J. B. Holmes, F. T. Rhodes, Wm. A. 
Rhodes, Wm. Hileman, J. E. Heck, E. R. Funkhouser, and such 
others as the Chairman may call to his aid. 

On Receptio7i. — Col. E. W. Nichols, Chairman, and M. W. Pax- 
ton, W. G. McDowell, Reid White, Hugh McCrum, W. Geo. 
White, Sandy P. Figgat, Ben. H. Gorrell, Jr., Edward R. Ley- 
burn, Lewis M. Gibbs, J. A. Glasgow, J. Ed. Deaver, Fred. White, 
A. A. Waddell, Percy Garing, and C. B. Anderson. 

The Committees went vigorously to work and determined to 
spare no efforts to make the occasion a great success. Capt. Jas. 
J. White, J. C. Boude, and William A. Anderson were appointed 
a Committee on Invitation. Invitations were extended to the Gov- 
ernors of the Southern States, distinguished officers of the Confed- 
erate Army, and military and veteran organizations. 

In response to the invitation the following letter was received 
from a Committee of the Kentucky Veterans through General John 
Echols : 

• "Louisville, Ky., /m^2/ 18, 1891. 

" J. J. White, J. C. Boude, W. A. Anderson, Esqs., 

" Committee of Confederate Association, Lexington, Va. 

" The members of the Confederate Association of Kentucky send 
greeting to their brethren of Virginia, and give assurance of their 
hearty appreciation of the sacred duty about to be performed and 



Jackson Memorial Association. 21 

cordial sympathy with the sentiment which inspires it. We rever- 
ently unite with them in the tribute rendered the memory of a 
patriot and hero, beloved of all the land for which he gave his life. 
" Our comrades instruct us to thank you, in the name of all citi- 
zens of this Commonwealth who served or loved the Confederacy, 
for that which you do. All living Kentuckians know how great 
were the services, how sublime the virtues, of Thos. J. Jackson, 
and generations of this people yet unborn will honor and venerate 
his name. 

"We are very truly, 

" B. W. Duke, 
"Reginald Thompson, 

" Committee." 

A. T. Barclay was appointed to arrange transportation on the 
railroads and William A. Anderson was placed in charge of the 
arrangements for the day. 

The grounds and buildings of Washington and Lee University 
and of the Virginia Military Institute were generously placed at 
the disposal of the Executive Committee. A stand for the exer- 
cises, handsomely decorated, was erected upon the beautiful campus 
of Washington and Lee University, capable of holding the invited 
guests and distinguished visitors ; and seats were provided for as 
many as could be within reach of the orator's voice. The main 
buildings of Washington and Lee University, the barracks of the 
Virginia Military Institute, the Franklin Hall, Opera House, 
Court House, and the lecture room of the Presbyterian church 
where Jackson taught his colored Sunday school, were arranged 
as quarters for veterans and military organizations. 

As the day approached it became apparent that the number in 
attendance would greatly exceed the highest number that had been 
previously expected. This stimulated the activity of the commit- 
tees on supplies and entertainment, but they found a liberal 
response from the people of both town and country. During the 
preceding week large numbers came in to attend the unveiling 
ceremonies, chiefly those Avho had friends or relatives in town. On 
Monday trains came in at eight and twelve o'clock on the Chesa- 
2 



22 Jackson Memorial Association, 

peake and Ohio Railway, and at five o'clock in the evening two 
trains came in on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, all heavily 
laden. Another large train on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 
due at nine o'clock, was delayed by a washout, and did not arrive 
until daybreak the next morning. All was activity and bustle, 
and the committees were busy receiving the strangers and pro- 
viding quarters and provisions for the organized bodies. 

The Stonewall Brigade and the unorganized veterans were placed 
in the main buildings of the Washington and Lee University, the 
Second Virginia Regiment of Volunteers and the Clarke Cavalry 
in the barracks of the Virginia Military Institute, the Romney 
Camp of Confederate Veterans in the Court House, the Winches- 
ter Camp and Rowan county (N. C.) Veteran Regiment in the 
Opera House, and Lee Camp and its attendant camps, escorted by 
the Richmond Light Infantry Blues, in the lecture room. The 
basement of the chapel of Washington and Lee University was 
reserved for the Maryland Line and Washington City Veterans, 
who had not yet arrived. 



UNVEILING CEREMONIES, 

JULY 31, 1891. 



The day opened bright, but cool and bracing. It had rained 
the evening before, but had cleared off. Fleecy clouds floated 
over the sky, and while obscuring the sun and cooling the atmos- 
phere, created no apprehension of rain. 

The people of the town were pleasantly aroused a little after 
daylight by the arrival of the Stonewall Brigade Band, who 
marched to the strains of martial music first to the statue of their 
beloved commander and then to their quarters at the Franklin 
Hall, The day was ushered in by a salute of fifteen guns fired bv 
a section of the Rockbridge Artillery commanded by Col. William 
T. Poague, one of its captains. The guns used were a part of the 
cadet battery which Jackson used in drilling the cadets in artillery 
tactics, and constituted a part of the armament of the Rockbridge 
Artillery w^hen it won immortal fame on the historic plains of 
Manassas just thirty years before. Trains soon began to arrive, 
heavily laden, on the Chesapeake and Ohio and Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroads, and continued to arrive until 12 o'clock. The 
number brought by the trains was variously estimated at from 
twelve to eighteen thousand. 

But this was not all. All the roads leading to Lexington were 
crowded with people from the county, coming on foot, on horse- 
back, in carriages, buggies, wagons and other vehicles improvised 
for the occasion. Whole neighborhoods were deserted, and it is 
believed that nearly one-half of the 20,000 population of the 
county outside of Lexington was in attendance. These brought 
large quantities of provisions to feed the veterans and visitors, and 
each party also brought a private lunch for themselves so as to save 

23 



24 Unveiling Ceremonies. 

the public lunches for the strangers. Large numbers also came in 
like manner from the adjoining counties of Augusta, Bath, Alle- 
ghany, Botetourt, Amherst and Nelson. The streets were lined 
with people, and large crov/ds assembled on the University campus. 
The crowd in attendance was variously estimated at from twenty 
to thirty thousand people. 

The little town presented a holiday appearance. All the public 
buildings, business houses, and private residences were gaily deco- 
rated with bunting, festoons, and flags — the Confederate, the Vir- 
ginia, and the Federal flag commingling. The cemetery was neatly 
trimmed and the graves of the Confederates handsomely decorated, 
a Confederate flag being placed at the head of each. 

The tomb of General Lee in the University chapel was beauti- 
fully decorated under the direction of Miss Mary N. Pendleton. 
The main buildings of Washington and Lee University in front of 
the speaker's stand and the University chapel were prettily deco- 
rated, as well as the barracks of the Virginia Military Institute 
and Jackson's lecture room, with flowers, portraits and military 
emblems arranged with great taste under the direction of Miss 
Mercer Williamson. One of the most interesting objects was 
Jackson's old house, where he resided when he left for the army, 
ornamented by festoons and flags arranged with exquisite taste by 
Mrs, Nichols and Miss Annie White. 

Arches with mottoes and legends spanned the streets at con- 
venient distances. The one at the crossing of Main and Washing- 
ton streets was of the mural-tower order. Over the keystone of 
the arch was a large Confederate flag, flanked by Virginia and 
Confederate battle flags. Along the crown of the arch on the 
obverse was 

" WELCOME TO ALL WHO LIVE : TEARS FOR ALL WHO DIED," 

On the reverse over the crown was the verse 

" From the field of death and fame 
Borne upon his shield he came." 

The sides of the arch were ornamented with flags and shields and 
crossed swords, and muskets, and on the reverse were also portraits 
of Lee and Jackson, 



Unveiling Ceremonies. 25 

Stretching across the street from the court house was a suow 
white banner bearing the words 

" MARYLAND, MY MARYLAND," 

in honor of the Maryland line, and a square further up appeared 
in recognition of the North Carolina veterans, 

" GOD BLESS OLD NORTH CAROLINA ! " 

Upon an airy and graceful arch in front of the public school build- 
ing was seen an eagle perched, holding the motto, 

" HAIL, VETERANS, HAIL." 

But the grand arch was reached just before entering the cemetery. 
This was after the triumphal arch of Titus. Along the attic on 
the obverse, and between the dates 1824 and 1863, was the word 
" JACKSON," and underneath this, encircling the crown, " chan- 
cellors ville." Extending from top to bottom of the sides of 
the arch on the face were banners of the several Southern States, and 
between them the names of the battles in which Jackson fought. 
On the reverse in the attic was " stonewall brigade," and the 
names of those who commanded it, as follows : " Jackson, Gar- 
nett. Winder, Baylor, Grigsby, Paxton, Walker, Terry." 

The procession formed on the parade ground of the Virginia 
Military Institute, and, moving in front of the Institute, proceeded 
to the campus of Washington and Lee University, and rested in 
front of the speaker's stand. General Walker, Chief Marshal, 
and his aids, all of whom had served on the stalf of Jackson's bri- 
gade, division or corps, rode at the head of the procession. Just 
as the exercises were about to begin the Maryland Line, accompa- 
nied by the Washington City Veterans, and headed by the Great 
Southern Band of Baltimore, forty pieces, arrived upon the ground 
and took its place in the line of procession. 

Among the prominent people who occupied seats upon the plat- 
form were General Wade Hampton, the presiding officer ; General 
J. A. Early, the orator ; Rev. A. C. Hopkins, D. D. ; E. V. Val- 
entine, the artist ; Col. T. M. Semmes, Gen. Fitzhugh Lb^ Gen. 



26 Unveiling Ceeemonies. 

G. W. C. Lee, Gen. William H. Payne, Gen. L. L. Lomax, Gen. 
A. E. Lawton, Gen. John Echols, Gen. T. T. Mansfield, Gen. B. 
T. Johnson, Gen. J. E,. Jones, Gen. Eppa Huuton ; Gov. A. B. 
Fleming, of West Virginia; Lt.-Gov. J. Hoge Tyler; Major R. 
Taylor Scott, Attorney-General of Virginia; Lt.-Col. William 
McLaughlin, Col. James K. Edmondson, Capt. J. J. White, 
Capt. John M. Brooke, C. S. N., Hon. John Randolph Tucker, 
Rev. William F. Junkin, D. D. ; Mr. Sewell Merchant, of Charles- 
town, West Virginia, General Jackson's orderly ; Gen. Scott Shipp ; 
Col. Thomas Smith, of Warrenton ; Rev. J. William Jones, D. D. ; 
Hon. A. M. Waddell, of North Carolina ; Hon. H. St. George 
Tucker, Dr. S. B. Morrison, Col. C. T. O'Ferrall ; Prof. T. M. 
Jackson, of West Virginia University; Hon. John W. Daniel, 
Judge John H. Fulton, Judge George G. Grattan, Col. R. Snow- 
den Andrews, Col. A. W. Harman, Gen. John C. Shields, Capt. 
Thomas D. Ranson ; Rev. George W. Peterkin, D. D., Bishop of 
West Virginia ; and Hon. Wm. H. Crain, of Texas. 

Mrs. Gen. Jackson, with her two grandchildren, Julia Jackson 
Christian and Thomas Jackson Christian ; their father, William E. 
Christian, and Miss Christian ; Capt. Joseph G. Morrison, Mrs. 
Jackson's brother; Mrs. Alfred I. Morrison; Miss Mary Lee; Miss 
Lucy Hill, daughter of Gen. A. P. Hill ; Miss Daisy Hampton, 
daughter of Gen. Wade Hampton ; Miss Heth, daughter of Gen. 
Henry Heth ; and Mrs. Barney, of Fredericksburg, also occupied 
seats on the platform. 

The exercises commenced by a selection played by the Stonewall 
Brigade Band. Lt.-Gen. Wade Hampton, who had been selected 
to preside, stepped to the front and was loudly cheered. When 
silence was restored he said : 

" It was the custom of the great soldier in whose memory we are 
called together to invoke the Divine blessing on every undertaking, 
every duty he was called upon to perform. It was Stonewall 
Jackson's way, and, comrades, it is fitting that we should follow 
his noble example and invoke the blessing of the Almighty on 
what we do to-day." 

He then introduced the Rev. A. C. Hopkins, D. D., of Charles- 
town, West Virginia, who offered the following prayer : 



Unveiling Cekemonies. 27 

" Lord, our God, Thou only art infinite, eternal, and unchange- 
able. Thou, Most High, rulest in the kingdom of men and givest 
it to whomsoever Thou wilt. Not a sparrow falleth without Thee. 
In Thy kind providence these veterans are permitted to meet here to 
celebrate the character and achievement of the man who led them 
through hardship and battle to victory. Like him, who prepared 
for all action by prayer, we invoke Thy blessing upon these exer- 
cises, and as to Thee he ascribed the honor and power for victory, 
so to Thee we give thanks for our hero and his renown — for his 
greatness, most conspicuous in his goodness. 

" Thou didst teach his hands to war and didst gird him with 
strength into the battle. Thou madest his feet swift as AsaheFs. 
His name Thou madest an inspiration and tower of strength to his 
followers, a smiting and a terror to his enemies. In the industry 
and care of his preparations, in the fullness and accuracy of his 
calculation, in the certainty of his movements, in the might of his 
resistance we recognize Thy counsel and Thy hand. For the stead- 
fastness and intensity of his religion midst the temptations of cam- 
paign, camp and battle, we give Thee thanks. For his world-wide 
fame, spotless, untarnished and pure, we would render Thee our 
thanks. Thy hand has written his name imperishably among the 
world's great captains and thrown over it the halo of sanctity, that 
men may learn the beauty and power of Christian faith. When 
he had reached the zenith of his earthly glory. Thou didst call him 
higher into Thine own glory, and so didst veil his mortal eyes that 
he should not look upon the humiliation of defeat. 

" And now we pray that the influence of his life may become 
immortal and universal ; that the people of the land he loved may 
learn from his example to pray and to believe, to fear God and to 
keep His commandments, and specially that his surviving comrades 
and their children may stand as a ' stone wall ' against all tides of 
social or political corruption, of moral decay and religious apostacy, 
unbelief or irreverence. So long as this monument shall stand its 
guard over his sleeping body and this statue look down upon the 
generations, may the world here catch the idea and the dimensions 
of the Christian hero — the patriot, the saint and the soldier. May 
the people of our whole land learn that ' righteousness exalteth a 
nation, but sin is a reproach to any people.' We ask Thy blessing 



28 Unveiling Ceremonies. 

upon the negro race, for whom he prayed and thought and labored, 
that they may acquire intelligence, morality and pure religion, and 
so become qualified for their new relations and duties, and for 
their higher obligations to God. ^ A father of the fatherless and 
a judge of the widow is God in His holy habitation.' Protect and 
provide for all who were made orphans and widows by the casual- 
ties of war. We specially ask that Thou wilt amply provide and 
tenderly keep Thy handmaid to whom Thou gavest our leader in 
marriage, and from whom Thou didst take him. May she and her 
grandchildren be shielded from every unfriendly blast, and be 
enriched with all the blessings of a covenant-keeping God. Oh, 
Spirit of Grace ! come, breathe eifectually upon the heart and 
touch the lips of Thy servant who shall now speak to us of the 
Christian soldier, his comrade. Imbue him plenteously with the 
same grace that adorned the life he shall portray. Sustain him in 
the same faith and comfort him with the same hope." 

Gen. Hampton then introduced Col. Thomas M. Semmes, Pro- 
fessor of Modern Languages and Rhetoric at the Virginia Military 
Institute, who, in a clear and impressive manner, read three selec- 
tions of Confederate war poems, which appear below. 

STONEWALL JACKSON'S WAY. 

[Found on the body of a Sergeant of the Old Stonewall Brigade, at Winchester, Va.] 

Come, stack arms, men ! Pile on the rails. 
Stir up the camp fires bright ; 
No matter if the canteen fails, 
We '11 make a roaring night. 
Here Shenandoah brawls along, • 
There lofty Blue Ridge echoes strong, 
To swell the Brigade's rousing song. 
Of " Stonewall Jackson's way." 

We see him now ! — the old slouched hat . 
Cocked o'er his eye askew — 
The shrewd, dry smile — the speech so pat, 
So calm, so blunt, so true. 



Unveiling Ceremonies. 29 

The " Blue Light Elder " knows them well. 
Says he, " That 's Banks— he 's fond of shell- 
Lord save his soul ! — we '11 give him " — well, 
That 's " Stonewall Jackson's way." 

Silence ! Ground arms ! Kneel all ! Caps off ! 

Old Blue Light 's going to pray. 

Strangle the fool that dares to scoff! 

Attention ! it 's his way. 

Appealing from his native sod, 

" In forma pauperis," to God — 

" Lay bare thine arm ; stretch forth thy rod." 

Amen ! That 's Stonewall's way. 

He 's in the saddle now ! Fall in ! 

Steady — the whole brigade ! 

Hill 's at the ford cut off ! We '11 win 

His way out, ball and blade. 

What matter if our shoes are worn ! 

What matter if our feet are torn ! 

" Quick step — we're with him ere the morn," 

That 's Stonewall Jackson's way. 

The sun's bright lances rout the mists 

Of morning, and, by George, 

There 's Longstreet struggling in the lists. 

Hemmed in an ugly gorge. 

Pope and his columns, whipped before. 

" Bay'nets and grape ! " hear Stonewall roar ; 

" Charge, Stuart ! Pay off Ashby's score ! " 

Is StonewaW Jackson's way. 

Ah, maiden ! wait and watch and yearn 

For news of Stonewall's band. 

Ah, widow ! read with eyes that burn 

That ring upon thy hand. 

Ah, wife ! sew on, pray on, hope on ; 

Thy life shall not be all forlorn — 

The foe had better ne'er been born 

Than get in " Stonewall's way." 



30 Unveiling Ceremonies. 

SLAIN IN BATTLE. 

[From Breechenbrook, by Mrs. Margaret J. Preston.] 

" Break, my heart, and ease this pain ; 
Cease to throb, thou tortured brain ; 
Let me die, since he is slain — 

Slain in battle ! 

" Blessed brow, that loved to rest 
Its dear whiteness on my breast. 
Gory was the grass it prest — 

Slain in battle ! 

" Oh ! that still and stately form. 
Never more will it be warm ; 
Chilled beneath that iron storm — 
Slain in battle ! 

" Not a pillow for his head ; 
Not a hand to smooth his bed ; 
Not one tender parting said — 

Slain in battle ! 

" Straightway from that bloody sod, 
Where the trampling horsemen trod. 
Lifted to the arms of God — 

Slain in battle ! 

" Not my love to come between. 
With its interposing screen ; 
Naught of earth to intervene — 

Slain in battle ! 

" Snatched the purple billows o'er, 
Through the fiendish rage and roar. 
To the far and peaceful shore — 

Slain in battle ! 



Unveiling Ceeemonies. 31 

" Nunc dimitte — thus I pray ; 
What else left for me to say, 
Since my life is reft away ? — 

Slain in battle ! 

" Let me die, O God ! the dart 
Drinks the life-blood of my heart. 
Hope and joy and peace depart — 

Slain in battle ! " 



"OVER THE RIVER." 

By J, Daffoke. 

[Dr. Hunter McGuire thus concludes his account of the last moments of 
Stonewall Jackson : " Then his manner changed, and he murmured, ' Let us pass 
over the river, and rest under the trees.' "] 

" Over the river, over the river, 

There where the soft-lying shadows invite ; 
And fanned by the south wind the forest leaves quiver, 

And fire-flies dance through the sweet summer night. 

" Soldiers and comrades ! we '11 cross that broad river. 

Far from the tumults of trumpet and drum. 
And the cannon's deep boom, and the fierce squadron's shiver, 

As they reel in their saddles. Then come, brothers, come. 

" Over the river, over the river. 

Come ere the sun-goeth down in the west ; 
Angel forms beckon us ; sent to deliver 

The weary from labor — to offer him rest. 

" Over the river, a fathomless river. 

In the land where no shadow is needed nor seen. 

Where the leaves of the forest trees wither, no, never. 
And the fruits are all golden, the pastures all green. 



32 Unveiling Cereisionies. 

" From the couch where the warrior lay stricken and dying 

He saw in a vision the country so fair ; 
All its streams and its valleys, its mountains outlying, 

And the city whose gates are of pearls rich and rare. 

" Over the river, the dark-flowing river. 

Death bore the hero and victor and saint ; 
Great in earth's conflict, and greater than ever 

When they had left him all bleeding and faint. 

" Waiting to cross it, all radiant with glory. 
Strong in the faith which is born of pure life ; 

Bequeathing a name to the record and story 
That tells of bold deeds in the patriots' strife." 

The reading was followed by music, and Gen. Hampton then 
introduced Lt.-Gen. Jubal A. Early, the orator of the day. As 
the General's bent form, clothed in Confederate gray, arose, an- 
other mighty cheer went up. He spoke as follows : 



ADDRESS OF GENERAL EARLY. 



My Friends and Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen : 

We are assembled here for the purpose of manifesting our 
respect and admiration for one of the most illustrious men and 
grandest characters that have figured in the annals of history, and 
it is with a sincere apprehension of my inability to render an ade- 
quate tribute to his memory that I appear before you on this 
occasion. 

Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born in northwestern Virginia 
in the year 1824. His military career began in 1842, when he 
was admitted as a cadet at the Military Academy at West Point. 
He graduated in 1846, and was appointed a brevet second lieuten- 
ant in an artillery regiment in the United States Army. His first 
service in the field was in the Mexican war, where he was engaged 
in artillery service under General Scott, from Vera Cruz to the 
City of Mexico. He participated in all the actions on that line, 
displaying such courage and energy as to be twice brevetted for his 
conduct, his last brevet being that of Major of Artillery. 

In 1851 he received the appointment of Professor of Natural 
and Experimental Philosophy and Artillery Tactics in the Military 
Academy at this place, and resigned from the Army to accept it. 
That position he filled until 1861. When the secession of the 
Southern States took place, and Abraham Lincoln, in violation of 
the fundamental provisions of the Constitution and the eternal 
principles of liberty, declared war against the seceding States, 
Virginia took her stand with her sister States of the South. 
Major Jackson, like all true Virginians, stood by his native State, 
and devoted his energies and his life to her service. His first 
service was to conduct the corps of cadets to Richmond, in the 

33 



34 Address of General Early. 

latter part of April, for the purpose of aiding in drilling and 
instructing the volunteers who were being mustered into the service 
of the State under the supervision of General Lee. On the 27th 
of April he was appointed by Governor Letcher a colonel in the 
Virginia service, and ordered to take command at Harper's Ferry, 
which had been abandoned by the Federal authorities after 
attempting to destroy the stores and machinery at that point. 
Colonel Jackson found the place occupied by some militia and 
volunteers, of whom he took command, which he retained until 
General Joseph E. Johnston was assigned to the command in the 
Valley in the latter part of May. 

Very soon thereafter a brigade of Virginia regiments was organ- 
ized, and Colonel Jackson assigned to its command. This was the 
brigade which afterwards became distinguished as the " Stonewall 
Brigade." On the 17th of June Colonel Jackson was commis- 
sioned a Brigadier-General in the Confederate service, but still 
remained under the command of General Johnston. About this 
time Harper's Ferry was evacuated by General Johnston, as Pat- 
terson was moving with a considerable force from the north, and 
McClellau was reported as moving from the west to unite with 
him. But before the evacuation took place the railroad bridge 
across the Potomac was destroyed, and a considerable quantity of 
ordnance stores and machinery was sent to the rear. 

After some manoeuvring of the troops under General Johnston, 
which had been organized into four brigades, commanded respect- 
ively by Generals Jackson, Bee, Bartow and Colonel Elzey, Gen- 
eral Jackson had some fighting with a part of Patterson's army, 
which had crossed the Potomac, near Falling Waters, on the second 
of July. This was his first engagement, and in it only a very 
small portion of his force was engaged, though Patterson reported 
he had repulsed " 10,000 rebels." General Jackson's loss was 
much lighter than that of the enemy, and he retired in good order 
before a much larger force than his own. From this time the 
Army of the Valley, under General Johnston, was mainly occu- 
pied in manoeuvring until it moved to the assistance of General 
Beauregard's Army at Manassas, against which McDowell had 
advanced with largely superior numbers. That movement began 
on the 18th of July, and General Jackson's brigade was in the 



Address of General Early. 35 

advance. It reached Manassas about night on the 19th, having 
come by rail from a station on the Manassas Gap railroad. The 
other troops came later, a portion not arriving until the day of the 
main battle. 

McDowell had been making demonstrations with his troops for 
several days, out of which grew the affair at Blackburn's Ford on 
the 18th. 

On the 21st, just as Generals Johnston and Beauregard were 
preparing to carry out a plan of attack devised by the latter, 
McDowell made an attack on our extreme left which rendered a 
change of operations necessary. A large portion of INIcDowell's 
army crossed Bull Kun above our left, and assailed Evans's brigade 
on the flank. This brigade, assisted by a portion of Cocke's bri- 
gade, held the enemy in check for some time, until Bee's brigade 
came to its assistance. The enemy's force, however, continued to 
increase to such an extent that Bee's men were giving way when 
General Jackson arrived with his brigade and arrested the further 
progress of the enemy. It was while General Jackson thus held 
the attacking force at bay, and Bee's men were giving way, that the 
latter, in order to encourage his men, exclaimed to them, " There 
is Jackson standing like a stonewall. Rally behind the Vir- 
ginians." From that expression the cognomen of " Stonewall " 
was given to General Jackson, and under it he will be known for 
all ages. The appellation, however, is not very characteristic of 
him as a soldier. It is true that just* at that time he was standing 
like a stonewall against the overwhelming numbers of the enemy, 
and so stood until other troops were brought up that turned the 
tide of battle, and sent the enemy flying from the field ; but his 
subsequent career showed that he was more like a thunderbolt of 
war than a stonewall. During the action he had received a very 
painful wound in his left hand, but he gave no indication of it 
until the battle was over, when he sought the necessary surgical aid. 
From that day, just thirty years ago, the sobriquet of " Stonewall 
Jackson " became familiar throughout all the Southern States, and 
will be remembered for all time to come. 

I do not wish to be understood as giving to General Jackson the 
entire credit for the victory at Manassas. He occupied a subordi- 
nate position, and went into action under the orders and supervision 



36 Address of General Early. 

of the two generals whose forces had been united for the occasion ; 
but he performed the duty assigned him with great skill and 
courage, thus enabling his superiors to bring other troops into 
action and secure the victory which ensued. 

The two armies were- now united under the command of General 
Johnston, and on the seventh of October General Jackson was 
appointed a major-general in the Confederate service. He was 
subsequently assigned to the command of the Valley District, and 
assumed it in November. To give a full account of his Valley 
campaign would require a well-sized volume, and I can only give 
a brief sketch. The main object of his presence there was to pre- 
vent the accumulation of heavy forces under McClellan, who had 
succeeded McDowell, by the appearance of threatening the safety 
of Washington. This duty he performed most admirably by his 
bold movements and demonstrations, though his force was quite 
small. His first engagement was at Kernstown just south of Win- 
chester, on the 23d of March, 1862. His presence in the valley 
had caused the accumulation of heavy forces of the enemy there 
under Shields and Banks. After considerable manoeuvring dur- 
ing the fall and winter of 1863-2 in the lower valley, he had 
retired to Mt. Jackson, and the enemy had occupied Winchester. 
Learning that the enemy had detached a considerable force for the 
purpose of crossing the Blue Ridge and operating on Johnston's 
left, he marched from Mt. Jackson on the 22d of March, and on 
the next day attacked a part of Shields's force at Kernstown. The 
fight was maintained for some time, but such heavy reinforcements 
were brought up by the enemy that General Jackson was finally 
compelled to retire, but he did so in good order, and only fell back 
to the vicinity of Newtown, where he made a stand, and the enemy 
did not dare to attack him. He retired to Woodstock on the next 
day, and on the first of April he retired to Rude's Hill, a little 
north of New Market. General Jackson's force at Kernstown did 
not exceed 3,000 men, while that of the enemy was at least thrice 
as great; yet the movement had the desired effect of preventing 
any troops being sent to the aid of McClellan, and causing a body 
of troops which had already started to be returned. 

General Jackson remained at Rude's Hill until the 17th of 
April, confronted by a heavy force under Banks on the opposite 



Address of General Early, 37 

hills. In the meantime McClellau's army had been carried by- 
water to the Peninsula, and General Johnston's army had moved 
back for the purpose of confronting the former, leaving Ewell's 
division on the Rappahannock. General Jackson now fell back to 
Harrisonburg, being timidly pursued by Banks. From Harrison- 
burg General Jackson moved to Swift Run Gap in the Blue Ridge, 
and Ewell having been ordered to that point with his division. 
General Jackson moved his own division across the Blue Ridge to 
the Virginia Central Railroad, and then along the line of that road 
by Staunton to unite with the brigade of General Edward John- 
son, which had retired from the Shenandoah Mountain upon the 
advance of a considerable force under Milroy. 

The two forces having united they advanced against Milroy, 
and defeated him on the 8th of May at McDowell. After pursuing 
Milroy for a considerable distance General Jackson returned to the 
valley with his own and Johnson's troops, for the purpose of 
uniting with Ewell and attacking Banks, who had retreated to 
Strasburg. The junction with Ewell was made on the 21st of 
May in the Luray valley, and on the 23d he attacked a consider- 
able force at Front Royal, driving it across the Shenandoah in the 
direction of Winchester, the greater portion of which force was 
captured by a body of cavalry under Colonel Flournoy, with con- 
siderable stores and two ten-pound rifle guns. 

On the next day, the 24th, portions of Banks's army were found 
retreating on the turnpike from Strasburg to Winchester, and 
attacked and dispersed, a number of wagons and a quantity of 
stores being captured, but the main body of the army had passed 
on to Winchester. On the 25th General Jackson attacked Banks's 
army at Winchester and utterly defeated it, capturing some three 
thousand prisoners and an immense quantity of stores. Banks 
had made his escape before his army was routed, and the latter 
was pursued by a body of cavalry until it crossed the Potomac. 
On the 28th General Jackson moved towards Harper's Ferry, and 
arrived at Halltown a short distance from that place on the 29th, 
a small force of the enemy having been driven from Charlestown 
on the march. Here it was ascertained that Shields had been 
ordered to move from the east of the Blue Ridge with a consider- 
able force, and Fremont with another from the South Branch of 
3 



38 Addeess of Geneeal Eaely. 

the Potomac to Jackson's rear, so as to cut off his retreat, aud he 
therefore moved on the 30th in the direction of Strasburg, where 
it was expected the two forces of the enemy would meet. He 
made a rapid march, and on the 31st reached Strasburg, just in 
time to escape Fremont's force from the west. Shields having also 
arrived at Front Royal from the east. On the first of June he 
moved up the valley from Strasburg, followed by Fremont's army, 
until he reached Harrisonburg, where he turned off to Port Re- 
public. On the 8th, Ewell's division, which had been left at Cross 
Keys to confront Fremont, was attacked, but repulsed the enemy. 
Shields's army had moved up on the east side of the south fork of 
the Shenandoah, as the bridges over that stream had been burned, 
and on the 9th it was attacked and defeated by a portion of General 
Jackson's troops, retreating down the way it had come. Fremont's 
army had moved up to the river on the 9th, but it could not cross 
as the bridge over it had been burned, and he retreated down the 
valley on the 10th. Thus ended Jackson's campaign in the valley, 
and by his operations there he had so bewildered the authorities at 
Washington as to cause a heavy force of at least 40,000 men under 
McDowell to be detained from McClellan's army in order to pro- 
tect that city, in addition to the troops which had been employed 
against himself. 

Very soon thereafter General Jackson began his movement 
towards Richmond in order to cooperate with General Lee's army 
in the attack on McClellan's, and his army reached the vicinity of 
Richmond on the 25th. He participated with great energy and 
skill in the seven days' battles which sent McClellan's army in 
retreat to the protection of gunboats at Harrison's Landing on 
James River, thus relieving the City of Richmond of the danger 
of capture which had been threatening it. 

It being impracticable to attack McClellan's army at his " new 
base " on James River except at great disadvantage, General Lee's 
army, including Jackson's command, returned to the vicinity of 
Richmond for the purpose of rest, and to be convenient to needed 
supplies. 

A new commander of Federal troops. Major General John 
Pope, had now appeared in northern Virginia, east of the Blue 
Ridge, at the head of an army styled the " Army of Virginia," 



Addeess of General Eaely. 39 

and composed of the corps of McDowell, Banks and Fremont, the 
latter then being commanded by Sigel. Pope, on assuming the 
command, had declared, in very bombastic style, that he had come 
from the West, " where we have always seen the backs of our 
enemies," and he declared that his " headquarters would be in the 
saddle." General Lee sent General Jackson with his own division 
of four brigades and EwelPs of three brigades to look after the 
redoubtable warrior. Ewell's division reached Gordonsville about 
the middle of July. Jackson's division soon followed, and Gen- 
eral Jackson himself arrived on the 19th. Robertson's brigade of 
cavalry and an independent comj)any of cavalry were added to the 
command, and about the last of the month A. P. Hill's division 
arrived to reinforce General Jackson. In the meantime there had 
been some skirmishing with portions of the enemy's cavalry which 
crossed the Rapidan on reconnoitering expeditions. General Jack- 
son's whole force did not exceed 20,000 officers and men for duty, 
while the force under Pope in the field considerably exceeded 
40,000, there being in and near Washington other troops, while 
Burnside had a considerable force at Aquia Creek near Fredericks- 
burg. 

Having been informed that a portion of Pope's army was at 
Culpeper C. H., on the sixth of August General Jackson decided 
to advance against it, with the hope of defeating it before reinforce- 
ments could arrive. The movement was begun on the 7th, the 
route taken being through the county of Madison. On the 9th a 
portion of Pope's army was encountered on Cedar Run near 
Slaughter's Mountain, in Culpeper, and defeated after a brisk 
engagement, the enemy being pursued a mile or two when fresh 
troops were encountered which had just arrived. The pursuit now 
ceased, as it had become dark, and there was a halt for the night. 
The next morning a reconnoissance made by the cavalry under the 
charge of General Stuart, who had arrived on a tour of inspection, 
disclosed the fact that the greater portion of Pope's army had 
arrived, and the rest was coming up. General Jackson, therefore, 
did not deem it prudent to push the pursuit further. The next 
day Pope sent a flag of truce requesting permission to bury his 
dead, and it was granted ; something over six hundred of his dead 
that were Ivins on the field being buried on that day. On the 



40 Addeess of Geneeal Eaely. 

night of the 11th Jackson's force commenced retiring, carrying off 
one piece of artillery and over five thousand muskets that had been 
captured on the field, and it returned to its former position near 
Gordonsville. 

Pope had now begun to see something more of the " rebels " 
than their backs, and the very presence of General Jackson in the 
vicinity of Gordonsville had so bewildered the minds and excited 
the fears of the authorities at Washington that, on the 3d of Au- 
gust, a peremptory order was given for the evacuation of Harrison's 
Landing, and the reinforcement of Pope by McClellau's army. 
On the 14th, in response to a frantic direction from Halleck, 
McClellan telegraphed : 

" Movement has commenced by land and water. All sick will 
be away to-morrow night. Everything done to carry out your 
orders. I don't like Jackson's movements. He will suddenly 
appear when least expected." 

Having ascertained that McClellan was sending troops to rein- 
force Pope, General Lee, on the 13th, ordered General Longstreet, 
with his division, D. R. Jones's division, two brigades under Gen- 
eral Hood, and Evans's brigade, to Gordonsville. General Stuart 
was ordered to the same vicinity with Fitz Lee's brigade of cav- 
alry, and General R. H. Anderson was ordered to follow Longstreet 
with his division. Longstreet having arrived General Jackson's 
command was moved in the direction of Somerville Ford on the 
Rapidan, on the 15th, and camped some three or four miles from 
the ford. General Lee having arrived and assumed command a 
forward movement was commenced on the 20th. Pope, whose 
army was in Culpeper, between the Rapidan and Rappahannock, 
having learned the intended movement from a dispatch to Stuart, 
which was captured by a party of his cavalry, had hastily retired 
across the Rappahannock. General Jackson crossed at Somerville 
Ford on the 20th, and bivouacked near Stevensburg in Culpeper. 
Longstreet crossed the Rapidan lower down and moved to the 
vicinity of Kelly's Ford on the Rappahannock. Each command 
was preceded by a brigade of cavalry, which severally encountered 
portions of the enemy's cavalry, and drove them across the Rappa- 
hannock. On the 21st a forward movement was commenced for 
the purpose of crossing the river and attacking Pope's army, but 



Addeess of General Early. 41 

the enemy appearing in heavy force at the point where it was pro- 
posed to cross, it was determined to seek a crossing further to the 
left. On the 22d General Jackson moved to a point opposite the 
Fauquier Sulphur Springs, Longstreet taking position to cover the 
ford at the railroad bridge and the crossings above, so as to mask 
General Jackson's movement to the left. On arriving opposite 
the Springs it was found that a force of cavalry, which had retired 
on the appearance of Jackson's advance, had burned the bridge at 
that point. It was now nearly night, and a regiment of Lawton's 
brigade and two batteries of artillery were crossed over the ford at 
the Springs, while my own brigade crossed over a dam about a 
mile lower down. It was intended that other troops should cross 
at the same point, but night coming on the crossing was deferred 
until morning. During the night a heavy storm burst upon us, 
and the rain poured down in torrents. The next morning the 
Rappahannock was out of its banks, and the further crossing was 
rendered impossible. 

My brigade was moved to the vicinity of the Springs under 
directions from General Jackson, and I took command of all the 
troops on that side. General Jackson was having the bridge 
repaired as soon as possible in order to cross over other troops, but 
it took longer than was expected. In the meantime very heavy 
bodies of the enemy's troops were discovered moving up from 
below, and taking position opposite that occupied by my brigade. 
Stuart had crossed the river above the day before and made a raid 
with a part of his cavalry into Pope's headquarter train, capturing, 
among other things. Pope's dispatch book, which disclosed the 
fact that McClellan had evacuated Harrison's Landing, and a por- 
tion of his army had already joined Pope. Late in the afternoon 
the enemy made an advance against my position, but the move- 
ment was thwarted by a judicious use of artillery, in which a 
battery that had arrived with two or three regiments of cavalry 
under General Robertson, who had been with Stuart on his raid, 
rendered efficient service. It having become apparent that the 
greater part of Pope's army had arrived in the vicinity of the 
Springs during the night, it was determined to withdraw the force 
with me on that side, and, as the recrossing began but a short time 
before day, and the artillery had to be carried by hand over the 



42 Addeess or Geneeal Eaely. 

bridge, which had been but partially repaired, it was daylight 
before the last of the troops with me recrossed. Just as they did 
so the enemy's infantry was discovered advancing in line, with 
skirmishers in front, and the corps of Sigel, Banks and Reno 
(lately arrived from Burnside's army) soon passed over the very 
ground we had occupied. 

On the 23d Pope had telegraphed Halleck : " The enemy's 
forces on this side, which have crossed at Sulphur Springs and 
Hedgeman's river, are cut off from those on the other side. I 
march at once with my whole force on Sulphur Springs, Waterloo 
bridge and Warrenton, with the hope to destroy these forces before 
the river runs down." 

As the dispatch book captured by Stuart disclosed the fact that 
a portion of McClellan's army had already joined Pope, that the 
remainder was to be sent to him over the Orange and Alexandria 
railroad, and that a body of troops under Cox from the Kanawha 
valley was being brought over the Baltimore and Ohio railroad 
for the same purpose, General Lee determined to send General 
Jackson to the rear of Pope to break the railroad, and thus sepa- 
rate him from the approaching reinforcements, and to follow with 
Longstreet's command as soon as General Jackson was well on his 
way. Here was a conception worthy of the greatest strategists of 
ancient or modern times, not excepting the great Napoleon in his 
palmiest days, and General Jackson undertook its execution with 
that promptness and energy which always characterized him with- 
out the slightest cavil as to its feasibility or any request that he be 
allowed to reconnoiter. 

The necessary orders having been given the day before, early on 
the morning of the 25th General Jackson moved with his com- 
mand, crossing the river at Hinson's Mill, some miles above 
Waterloo Bridge, and then passing Orlean bivouacked his com- 
mand for the night near Salem in Fauquier county. All baggage 
wagons had been left behind, and no vehicles were allowed except 
ordnance and hospital wagons and ambulances, the men carrying 
three days' cooked rations in their haversacks. Resuming the 
march early on the 26th the column, accompanied by a portion of 
Stuart's cavalry, moved through Thoroughfare Gap in the Bull 
Run Mountain, and passing Gainesville, the head of it, preceded 



Address of General Early. 43 

by Munford's regiment of cavalry, reached Bristoe station on the 
Orange and Alexandria railroad by night. A company of cavalry 
and a company of infantry found there were soon disposed of, and 
two trains coming from the direction of the Rappahannock were 
captured, one having escaped. Trimble's brigade and also a por- 
tion of cavalry under Stuart were dispatched to Manassas Junc- 
tion, where eight guns, with their horses, equipments, and 
ammunition complete, immense commissary and quartermaster 
stores, a considerable number of tents, and over three hundred 
prisoners were captured. The station at Bristoe was occupied by 
the three brigades of Swell's division left after Trimble was 
detached, and the other divisions. Hill's and Jackson's, bivouacked 
in the vicinity. The next day Ewell's three brigades were left at 
Bristoe station to guard the approach from the direction of War- 
rentou Junction, with directions to retire in the direction of 
Manassas if a superior force advanced against him, as it was not 
desired to bring on a general engagement at that point. Hill's 
and Jackson's divisions were moved in the morning to the Junc- 
tion. Soon after their arrival a body of infantry arrived on a 
train from Alexandria, and, having gotten off the train, moved 
towards the Junction for the purpose of driving off the supposed 
" raiding party." It was met by the fire of two batteries and some 
of Hill's infantry, and driven back and pursued for some distance, 
the train on which it arrived being captured and destroyed, as was 
the railroad bridge over Bull Run. The railroad bridge over 
Kettle Run, south of Bristoe Station, was destroyed, and the track 
from that point to the station torn up by a portion of Ewell's 
command. The bridge over the Run north of the station was also 
destroyed, as were the two captured trains. 

Pope at first supposed this was a mere cavalry raid, but he soon 
found out his mistake, and found it necessary to look out for his 
line of retreat. He had now been joined, besides the reinforce- 
ment from Burnside, by Reynolds's division of Pennsylvania Re- 
serves, Heintzelman's and Porter's corps from McClellan's army, 
and Riatt's brigade of Sturgis's division from Washington, if not 
by other troops. His force of infantry and artillery must there- 
fore have numbered at least 75,000 effectives without counting his 
cavalry. 



44 Address of General Early. 

In the afteruoon of the 27th a cousiderable force, which came 
from the direction of Warrenton Junction, and proved to be 
Hooker's division of Heintzelman's corps, moved across Kettle 
Run against Ewell's advanced regiments at Bristoe. One or two 
columns, apparently of brigades, were driven back, when the 
enemy commenced moving to our right over open ground beyond 
the range of our artillery. The force which came in view was 
evidently much larger than the force Ewell then had. He, there- 
fore, in accordance with his instructions, ordered a withdrawal of 
his force, which was accomplished in good order and without any 
loss, the force retiring to Manassas. During the night Jackson's 
division, under General Taliaferro, moved with all the trains of 
the command on the Sudley road, across the Warrenton turnpike, 
to the vicinity of the battlefield of first Manassas, and Gen. A. P. 
Hill moved with his division to Centreville. Early on the morn- 
ing of the 28th General Ewell moved with his division across 
Bull Run at Blackburn's Ford, and then up the Run to the vicin- 
ity of the old stone bridge, where he crossed over and joined 
Jackson's division. Hill's division subsequently, on the same 
day, came up from Centreville, and the whole command was 
united northwest of the Warrenton turnpike, and facing it. These 
movements had been covered by portions of the cavalry, and were 
designed to mislead the enemy, in which object there was perfect 
success. During the night of the 27th Stuart set fire to the cars 
and the stores at Manassas that could not be carried off, and they 
were destroyed amid a terrible explosion of shells that were in 
some of the cars. 

On the 27th Pope commenced the movement of his troops to 
the rear for the purpose of looking after his line of communica- 
tions. McDowell's and Sigel's corps moved along the Warrenton 
turnpike in the direction of Gainesville, while the other corps 
moved on the right towards Bristoe and Manassas. Lougstreet 
had crossed the river at Hiuson's Mill on the 26th, and followed 
the same route taken by General Jackson ; Anderson, who had 
arrived with his division, having relieved Longstreet on the south 
bank of the Rappahannock. Longstreet's advance reached 
Thoroughfare Gap on the morning of the 28th, where a part of 
McDowell's force was posted to dispute his passage. He sue- 



Address of General Early. 45 

ceeded, however, in forcing a passage, aud a part of his command 
passed through the Gap that evening. From Gainesville McDow- 
ell's aud Sigel's corps had moved in the direction of Manassas on 
the 28th, to which point the main body of Pope's troops were 
converging, as he expected to find General Jackson's force there 
and destroy it. But the bird he expected to trap had flown, and 
Pope then directed his troops to move on Centreville. 

In moving towards Manassas McDowell had his left flank on 
the turnpike, and this fact having been discovered by some skir- 
mishing a portion of General Jackson's command had with it, the 
General, supposing it was moving towards Centreville, prepared 
to attack it, but discovering that it was turning off in the direction 
of ISIanassas before reaching his front, three brigades of his own 
division and two of Swell's were moved to the right and formed 
into line facing the turnpike. Just before sunset a column of the 
enemy was discovered moving along the pike, when the three 
brigades of Jackson's division and the two of Ewell's advanced to 
the attack. An obstinate and sanguinary engagement ensued, 
which lasted until dark. At the close of the engagement both 
sides held their ground, the enemy, consisting of King's division 
of McDowell's corps, which was bringing up the rear of the left of 
that corps, having been heavily reinforced. My own brigade and 
that of Hays, under Colonel Forno, were ordered to advance just 
before the close of the action, but by the time they reached the field 
the darkness which had ensued and the nature of the ground pre- 
vented a further advance. During the night King's division 
retired. Generals Ewell and Taliaferro were both wounded in 
this action, the former having to suffer amputation of a leg. Gen- 
eral Lawton succeeded to the command of Ewell's division, and 
General Stark to that of Jackson. 

Early on the morning of the 29th, the enemy began to approach 
in heavy force from the direction of Manassas aud Centreville. 
When the enemy's movements began to be developed, General 
Jackson arranged his line so as to conform to them. His own 
division, under Stark, was posted on the right, two of Ewell's 
brigades, under Lawton, occupied the centre, and Hill's division 
the left, the whole being posted behind a railroad grade of an un- 
constructed road which ran throusfh a considerable bodv of woods. 



46 Address of General Early. 

The batteries were posted in some fields behind ridges in rear of 
the right and left flanks. My own brigade, and Hays's under 
Colonel Forno, with a battery of artillery, were posted under my 
command about a mile in the rear of the right of the line, on a 
ridge which commanded a view of the turnpike in front and large 
fields between it and the turnpike. A considerable force had been 
reported as advancing from Manassas towards Gainesville, threat- 
ening our right flank and rear, and my orders were to watch that 
force and hold it in check, as well as to keep open communication 
with Longstreet's command, which was known to be approaching 
from the direction of Thoroughfare Gap. 

The manoeuvring of General Jackson after he got on Pope's 
line of communications to the rear, upon the approach of the 
enemy, furnishes an exhibition of what is known as " grand tac- 
tics," which is unsurpassed in the annals of war. By his move- 
ments he had completely baffled Pope's efforts to crush him with a 
vastly superior force, and bewildered him as to his locality until 
he had placed his command in a strong position, where it could be 
joined by Longstreet's approaching forces and the army be thus 
reunited under General Lee, who was accompanying Longstreet. 

But Pope was not the only one who was m^^stified on this occa- 
sion, as the authorities at Washington were as greatly bewildered 
as he was, and were terribly frightened by apprehension of danger 
to the safety of that city. 

The enemy commenced his attack early on the morning of the 
29th by opening a heavy fire of artillery on General Jackson's 
right, which was vigorously responded to by our batteries on that 
flank, which were moved to the front for that purpose, when a 
fierce cannonade ensued that lasted for several hours. The enemy 
also pushed columns of infantry on our left into a body of woods 
that bordered on the railroad grade all along that portion occupied 
by Hill's troops. Then ensued a good deal of desultory fighting 
on that part of the line with Sigel's corps, which was finally driven 
from our front about noon. 

In the meantime, about or a little before 11a. m., the head of 
Longstreet's command, composed of Hood's two brigades, was 
seen advancing along the turnpike in my front, in line of battle, 
and the rest of the command soon came following close in the rear. 



Address of General Early. 47 

when the whole command commenced taking position on both 
sides of the turnpike and to the rear of Jackson's right. 

It being apparent that the purpose for which I had been posted 
at the position I occupied had been completely subserved by the 
interposition of Longstreet's command between me and the force of 
the enemy reported to be adv^ancing from the direction of Manassas, 
and that there was no further need for my presence there, I de- 
termined to withdraw, without waiting for orders, and moved to 
the left where the fighting was going on and there was need for 
the services of the troops under me. Hays's brigade was at once 
sent to the left to rejoin the division, and as soon as two of ray 
own regiments, which had been posted in front beyond the turn- 
pike, were withdrawn, I moved to the woods in rear of the centre 
of our line and reported to General Lawton. 

In the afternoon the enemy concentrated large bodies of infantry 
in the woods in front of Hill's position, and after a fierce artillery 
fire from numerous batteries on that flank, which were responded 
to with effect by Hill's batteries, the enemy's columns of infantry 
advanced against the position occupied by Hill's brigades, when a 
fierce and obstinate engagement, or rather series of engagements, 
ensued, which lasted until late in the afternoon, the enemy being 
repulsed in all of his attacks, as was an attack on our right. 

The seventh and last attack was made by the enemy about or a 
little after 4 p. m., when a column of the enemy succeeded in 
crossing the railroad grade near the centre, because the two bri- 
gades there stationed had retired a little to the rear as their ammu- 
nition was exhausted. On being informed of this fact, I moved 
to the front with my brigade, with the 8th Louisiana Eegiment, 
of Hays's brigade, on my left, and the 13th Georgia, of Lawtou's 
brigade, on my right, and drove the enemy in confusion across the 
grade, my command pursuing beyond it for some distance before 
it could be stopped. This was the last attack on Jackson's line on 
the 29th, and the enemy had been defeated in all of his attacks. 
The troops engaged in these attacks in the afternoon were the corps 
of Heintzelman and Keno, supported by Eeynolds's division on 
their left. Sigel's corps had been so badly worsted in the forenoon 
tliat it was not able to unite in those attacks. 



48 Addeess of General Early. 

General Lee had ordered Lougstreet to attack the enemy's left 
on his arrival about noon, but the latter, according to his own 
statement, had insisted on taking time to reconnoiter. A number 
of his batteries, however, were posted on a commanding position 
between his troops and Jackson's right, and engaged in the artil- 
lery duel with those of the enemy. 

About sunset General Longstreet ordered Hood to advance with 
his two brigades, supported by Evans's, along the turnpike and 
attack the enemy, but before Hood moved he was himself attacked 
by a column of the enemy which was moving along the turnpike 
in the direction of Gainesville. This proved to be King's division 
of McDowell's corps which was moving in advance of the corps 
along the turnpike to cut off Jackson's retreat, under the halluci- 
nation that the latter had been defeated. King's division encoun- 
tered Hood just as he was about to move forward, and a sharp 
action ensued, the enemy being driven back and pursued for some 
distance, when the darkness compelled Hood to halt. He returned 
to his former position about 12 o'clock at night, and thus ended 
the fighting on the 29th, our troops remaining masters of the field 
on every part of it. 

On the morning of the 30th our troops occupied the position? 
they held at the close of the battle of the day before, with some 
slight shifting of the brigades along the railroad grade not necessary 
to mention. There was some skirmishing in the forenoon along 
Jackson's line, especially on the left, but there was no assault at 
that time, the enemy being held at bay. There was also some 
artillery firing on the right, which continued until the afternoon. 
At noon Pope issued the following order to his troops : 

"August SOth, 1862, 12 m. 

" The following forces will be immediately thrown forward in 
pu^-suit of the enemy, and press him vigorously during the whole 
day. Major General McDowell is assigned to the command of the 
pursuit. 

" Major General Porter's corps will push forward on the War- 
ren ton turnpike, followed by the divisions of Brigadier Generals 
King and Reynolds. The division of Brigadier General Ricketts 



Address of General Early. 49 

will pursue the Haymarket road, followed by the corps of Major 
General Heintzelmau ; the necessary cavalry will be assigned to 
these columns by Major General McDowell, to whom regular and 
frequent reports will be made. The general headquarters will be 
somewhere on the Warrenton turnpike." 

In the afternoon there was a slight change in the programme, 
and Porter's corps, supported by King's division, advanced against 
Jackson's right, and Heintzelman's and Reno's corps, supported 
for a time by Ricketts's division, advanced against the left. The 
assaults began about 3 p. m., and were very fierce and determined, 
especially on the right where Jackson's division was posted, but 
were met with equal determination. There were at least three 
assaults on Jackson's division, following each other in succession, 
which were repulsed, some of the men of the brigades commanded 
by Stafford and Johnson using stones when their ammunition was 
exhausted. Longstreet's batteries, by a well-directed fire on the 
left flank of the attacking columns, contributed largely to their 
repulse. The assaults on the left were also fierce, but were suc- 
cessfully resisted by Hill's brigades. 

R. H. Anderson's division had arrived during the forenoon, and 
joined Longstreet's command ; and finally, about 4 p. m., after the 
last attack on Jackson's right had been repulsed Longstreet ordered 
his infantry to attack the enemy's left, and his troops moved for- 
ward with Hood in the lead closely followed by Evans. They 
were rapidly supported by Anderson's division and the brigades 
under Kemper, D. R. Jones and Wilcox. 

The enemy was assailed with great vigor, and was steadily 
driven before Longstreet's advancing lines from successive posi- 
tions which he occupied. General Jackson's command had also 
advanced at the same time in pursuit of the troops that had been 
repulsed, and some of Hill's brigades encountered and engaged a 
part of the retreating forces on the left, which they pursued .to 
Bull Run, capturing a number of pieces of artillery. Jackson's 
and Ewell's divisions did not become engaged with the enemy in 
the pursuit. Longstreet's command continued to press the enemy 
on the right until his whole army was driven across Bull Run, 



50 Address of General Early. 

when darkness put an end to the pursuit. This command cap- 
tured several batteries of artillery. 

The cavalry, under Stuart and Fitz Lee, had rendered valuable 
services during all of the operations against Pope, and near the 
close of the battle of the 30th, General Robertson, with a portion 
of his cavalry, attacked and routed a body of the enemy's cavalry 
on the extreme right. 

At the close of the battle we were masters of the entire field ; 
and, in the series of battles on the plains of Manassas, we had cap- 
tured more than 7,000 prisoners, besides 2,000 wounded left on 
our hands, thirty pieces of artillery, upwards of twenty thousand 
stand of small arms, a number of regimental colors, and a consid- 
erable amount of stores. Our own loss in killed and wounded 
was 7,224, including a number of valuable officers. 

Pope's army retired to Centreville on the night of the eSOth, 
where it was reinforced by Sumner's and Franklin's corps of 
McClellan's army and some other troops. 

In his report Pope claims that he was confronted by greatly 
superior numbers on our part. The Confederate soldier, though 
ragged, barefooted, and often hungry, had a wonderful faculty of 
multiplying himself on the field of battle, so as to present the 
appearance of " overwhelming numbers " to a frightened enemy. 
This was especially the case when Stonewall Jackson was about. 

On the 31st, Longstreet, with his command, including Ander- 
son's division, was left on the battle-field to engage the attention of 
the enemy, and cover the burial of the dead and the removal of 
the wounded, while General Jackson moved his command across 
Bull Run at and below Sudley Ford, for the purpose of turning 
the enemy's right and intercepting his retreat. Moving to the left 
over country roads, we reached the Little River turnpike, leading 
from Aldie past Germantown and Fairfax C. H. to Alexandria, late 
in the afternoon, and after moving on that road for a short distance 
we bivouacked for the night. On the next morning (1st of Sep- 
tember) the march was resumed. Hill's division being in the 
advance. At Ox Hill, near Chantilly, a large force of the enemy 
was encountered in the afternoon, which had been moved out in 
that direction to cover Pope's retreat along the turnpike from 
Centreville to Fairfax C. H. Hill at once attacked the enemy 



Address of General Early. 51 

with a part of his division, and Ewell's division also moved up and 
became engaged. Tliere was a sharp conflict which lasted until 
near night, during which time there was a severe thunderstorm, 
and two of the Federal generals, Kearney and Stevens, were killed. 
At the close of the fight we held possession of the field, and the 
enemy retired during the night. Longstreet's command came up 
at night after the action had closed. 

The next morning it was discovered that Pope had now learned 
the art of retreating so well that it was impracticable to intercept 
him, and he was permitted to take refuge in the fortifications of 
Washington without further molestation. In a few days he was 
relieved from his command and sent to the Northwest to look after 
the Indians in that quarter, so that he never again had the oppor- 
tunity of looking at the backs or faces of the " rebels." 

In the campaign against him, General Jackson's force did not 
at any time exceed 20,000 men, and when Lougstreet and Ander- 
son arrived their combined forces did not exceed 25,000 men, and, 
after the reunion of the two forces on the 29th of August, the 
whole army under General Lee, including the cavalry, did not 
exceed 50,000, if it reached that number. Pope's army, after the 
arrival of the reinforcements from McClellan's army and other 
sources, must have approached very nearly 100,000 men before 
the arrival of the corps which joined him at Centreville after the 
battles of the 29th and 30th. 

In this campaign against Pope General Jackson displayed 
greater ability and resources than on any other occasion, because 
the circumstances by which he was surrounded required such dis- 
play, and he fully justified the confidence reposed in him by Gen- 
eral Lee. 

There have been criticisms of the strategy displayed by General 
Lee in sending General Jackson to the rear of Pope, thus dividing 
his army and placing the smaller portion between two hostile 
forces of greatly superior numbers. This is said by some military 
critics of the red tape order to have been a blunder and in viola- 
tion of the rules of war. If so it was a very successful blunder. 
Genius is trammelled by no arbitrary rules, but is able to burst 
the fetters which bind ordinary intellects. General Lee thoroughly 
understood Pope and fully appreciated General Jackson. In a 



52 Address of General Early. 

letter to General Fitz John Porter, written in July, 1870, in 
response to an inquiry, he said ; "I had no anxiety for Jackson 
at 2d Manassas. I knew that he could hold on till we came, and 
that we should^be in position in time." 

I have thus given at some length a detailed account of the oper- 
ations in which General Jackson was for the greater part left to 
act according to his own j)romptings, as they serve to demonstrate 
his great energy and ability. 

The divisions of D, H. Hill and McLaws, two brigades under 
J. G. Walker, and Hampton's brigade of cavalry, which had been 
left near Richmond, and were ordered up after the evacuation of 
Harrison's Landing, reached the army after the battles of the 29th 
and 30th of August. 

General Lee now determined to cross the Potomac into Mary- 
land, and on the 3d of September General Jackson commenced the 
march and reached Frederick City, in Maryland, on the 6th. I 
will here say that Whittier's poetic story about Barbara Fritchie 
has as little foundation in fact as Buchanan Read's account of 
Sheridan's poetic ride. 

On the 15th General Jackson, having crossed the South Moun- 
tain at Boonsboro Pass and the Potomac at Williamsport, and 
moved to the vicinity of Harper's Ferry, in cooperation with 
McLaws and Anderson, who had gained Maryland Heights, and 
J. G. Walker who had reached Loudoun Heights, both command- 
ing Harper's Ferry, compelled the surrender of the enemy's force 
at that point, about 11,000 prisoners being received and paroled, 
and 1 2,000 stand of small arms, seventy pieces of artillery, and a 
very large amount of stores, provisions, wagons and horses secured. 

The command of Longstreet and D. H. Hill's division, after an 
attack on the latter at Boonsboro Pass by the Federal army now 
under the command of McClellan, having taken position at Sharps- 
burg, where they were confronted by McClellan's army, composed 
of his own and Pope's army, General Jackson crossed the Potomac 
early on the 16th, with his own and Ewell's division, and partici- 
pated in the fighting on the 16th and 17th. His command, occu- 
pying the left of our line in the woods where is situated the 
Dunkard or Tuuker church, did some of the heaviest fighting in 
that battle, repulsing all the attacks of the enemy though made by 



Addeess of General Early. 53 

overwhelming numbers. The last attack by the enemy was made 
on our right and was repulsed by the division of A. P. Hill which 
had just arrived from Harper's Ferry, where he had been left to 
finish paroling the prisoners and to secure all of the arms and 
stores captured. 

On the 18th our army confronted McClellan's the whole day 
without any renewal of the engagement, and on that night we 
began to recross the Potomac into Virginia, the last of the troops 
effecting the crossing after sunrise on the 19th. 

A small body of the enemy having crossed the river on the night 
of the 19th, were driven back on the 20th by A. P. Hill's 
division. 

In the battle of Sharpsburg, or Antietam, as the enemy call it, 
General Lee's whole force did not exceed 35,000, infantry, artil- 
lery, and cavalry ; McClellan states his as a little over 87,000, 
while he estimates our strength as more than 97,000, which latter 
estimate he makes mainly on some statements by Banks, who 
always saw doubly when Stonewall Jackson was about. 

The army of General Lee remained in the Valley until Novem- 
ber, watching the movements of McClellan, and in the meantime 
the army was divided into two corps. General Jackson being made 
Lieutenant-General on the 11th of October and given command of 
one corps, while Longstreet with the same rank was given com- 
mand of the other corps. In the early part of November McClel- 
lan was relieved of the command of the Federal army and it was 
given to Burnside. 

Burnside having commenced a movement to take possession of 
Fredericksburg, General Lee's army moved in that direction to 
thwart him, taking position on the south side of the Rappahan- 
nock, while the enemy occupied the Stafford Heights. Jackson's 
corps extended down to Port Royal, while Longstreet's occupied 
the heights in the rear of and above the town. 

On the 11th of December Burnside threw pontoon bridges 
across the river and crossed his army over into the town and the 
flats below. 

General Jackson's whole corps having been moved up took posi- 
tion on our right extending down to Hamilton's crossing, below 
the town. On the 13th heavy attacks were made on our line by 
-4 



54 Addeess of General Early. 

the enemy, both on the right and left, and were repulsed, the 
heaviest fighting being on Jackson's line, where the enemy was 
repulsed with heavy loss after he had gotten possession of parts of 
the line. The attack was not renewed on the 14th or 15th, and on 
the night of the 15th the enemy recrossed the river to the opposite 
side. 

Our army now resumed its former position, Jackson's right ex- 
tending to Port Royal again. 

Burnside was subsequently removed from the command of the 
Federal army and General Hooker became his successor. Long- 
street had been sent south of James River with two of his divi- 
sions. Hood's and Pickett's, to operate against the enemy in that 
quarter. 

On the 29th of April, Hooker, whose army had been increased 
to a little over 130,000, crossed a large force over the river several 
miles above Fredericksburg and advanced to Chancellorsville. At 
the same time a considerable force was crossed over below the 
town. Before this, General Jackson's troops had been moved up 
to the vicinity of the town from below, and when General Lee 
ascertained that a heavy force had crossed the river above the 
town, he moved three of General Jackson's divisions and the two 
divisions of Longstreet's corps that were present up to meet that 
force, leaving the former division of Ewell, to the command of 
which I had succeeded, and Barksdale's brigade of McLaws's divi- 
sion with several batteries of artillery under my command, to 
watch the force that had crossed below. As soon as the force at 
Chancellorsville was encountered, a vigorous attack was made on 
it and it was placed on the defensive. Hooker's force at this point 
had been increased to a little over 90,000 men, while our force 
there was about 46,000. General Lee, after consulting with Gen- 
eral Jackson, determined to make a flank movement with the three 
divisions of the latter, by moving around to Hooker's right flank 
and rear and attacking it. The conduct of this movement was 
given, of course, to General Jackson, who took charge of it. It 
was successfully made on the 2d of May, and General Jackson 
was advancing with the attack when, by a deplorable mistake, he 
was shot and mortally wounded by some of his own men. The 
movement was subsequently successfully made under the charge of 



Address of General Early. 55 

General J. E. B. Stuart, and the enemy driven from his position 
towards the river. After a good deal of manoeuvering and fighting 
below, the enemy was compelled to retreat across the river on the 
night of the 5th. A brilliant victory was thus achieved, mainly 
by the success of the movement which was begun by General 
Jackson. The rejoicing over that victory, however, was marred 
by his death, which occurred on the 10th, and a gloom was cast 
over the entire Confederacy. 

In his report of the battle, General Lee says : " The move- 
ment by which the enemy's position was turned, and the fortunes 
of the day decided, was conducted by the lamented Lieutenant- 
General Jackson, who, as has already been stated, was severely 
wounded near the close of the engagement on Saturday evening. 
I do not propose here to speak of the character of this illustrious 
man, since removed from the scene of his eminent usefulness by 
the hand of an inscrutable but all- wise Providence. I neverthe- 
less desire to pay the tribute of my admiration to the matchless 
energy and skill that marked this last act of his life, forming as it 
did a worthy conclusion of that long series of splendid achieve- 
ments which won for him the lasting love and gratitude of his 
country." 

What can I say to add to that tribute to his memory ? Gen- 
erals Lee and Jackson fully appreciated the characters of each other, 
and there was the most perfect harmony between them. No man 
in all the land felt more keenly the loss of his great coadjutor than 
General Lee. When any one desires to find a defense of the jus- 
tice of the cause for which they fought, let him point to the char- 
acters of Generals Lee and Jackson. And I conclude now with 
the declaration I have made before : I trust that every faithful 
soldier of the Army of Northern Virginia is ready to exclaim with 
me : " If ever I disown, repudiate, or apologize for the cause for 
which Lee fought and Jackson died, let the lightnings of heaven 
blast me, and the scorn of all good men and true women be my 
portion ! " 

The exercises were closed with the benediction by the Rev. Dr. 
Hopkins. 



THE PROCESSION. 



At 1 o'clock the roll of a dozen drums called the old veterans 
and the volunteers to their positions, and with great rapidity the 
line was again formed, and the march in the direction of Jackson's 
monument, one half mile distant, was resumed. The long and 
brilliant procession was composed as follows : 

Major General James A. Walker, Chief Marshal. 



Col. H. Kyd Douglass, 
Maj. R. W. Hunter, 
Capt. J. P. Smith, 
Capt. John T. Sayers, 



Aids. 



Maj. Randolph Barton, 
Maj. Geo. G. Junkin, 
Capt. J. G. Morrison, 
S. H. Letcher. 



Assistant 3Iarshals. 



Col. S. J. C. Moore, 
Col. C. T. O'Ferrall, 
Capt. H. R. Garden, 
Capt. J. A. McNeal, 
Capt. John Carmichael, 
Capt. J. P. Moore, 
M. D. Wilson, 
W. F. Johnston, 



Col. D. H. Lee Martz, 
Col. AVilliam A. Morgan, 
Capt. James Bumgardner, 
Capt. S. W. Paxton, 
Capt. J. H. H. Figgat, 
Capt. B. C. Rawlings, 
j. t. dunlap, 
H. E. Moore. 



The Stonewall Brigade Band. 



The Rockbridge Artillery, 65 men, accompanied by a contingent 
of Carpenter's battery ; Col. William T. Poague commanding. 
56 



The Procession. 67 

The surviving veterans of the Stonewall Brigade, with some 
veterans from other brigades, 600 men, Col. Andrew Jackson 
Grigsby, whose dauntless courage had been displayed on so many 
battlefields of the war, commanding, and accompanied by the Mar- 
tinsburg and Harrisonburg bands. 

Grand Confederate Camp of Virginia, as follows. Col. W. P. 
Smith, commander, and staff (mounted) : 

R. E. Lee Camp of Richmond, 125 men, with a detachment of 
the Washington Artillery of New Orleans, Col. Booker command- 
ing, preceded by Richmond Light Infantry Blues as escort, 48 
men, Capt. Sol. Cutchins commander, accompanied by Light 
Infantry Blues band and R. E. Lee Camp drum corps. 

Buchanan-Pickett Camp of Norfolk, 60 men, Capt. T. S. Gar- 
nett commanding, preceded by Fourth Regiment band ; Stonewall 
Camp of Portsmouth, 30 men, Capt. Wood commanding. 

R. E. Lee Camp of Hampton, 30 men, Capt. Segar commanding. 

R. E. Lee Camp of Alexandria, 25 men, Col. Smoot commander. 

Winchester Camp No. 4, composed of veterans from Frederick 
and other Valley counties, 225 men, Capt. E. Holmes Boyd com- 
mander, preceded by Winchester band. 

Survivors of Clarke Cavalry, 6th Virginia Cavalry, 40 men, 
Maj. H. L. D. Lewis commander. 

William Watts Camp of Roanoke, 50 men, Col. S. S. Brooke 
commander; accompanied by Sidney Johnston Camp, sons of vet- 
erans, 30 men ; preceded by Roanoke Machine Works band. 

Romney Camp, 41 men, Capt. G. W. Finley commander. 

Society of Army and Navy of Maryland, 300 men. Gen. G. H. 
Steuart commanding; preceded by the Great Southern band of 
Baltimore, 40 pieces. 

Rowan County, North Carolina, Veteran Regiment, Lieut.-Col. 
J. A. Ramsey commanding ; 65 men, and 25 sons of veterans. 

2d Regt. Virginia Volunteers, Col. J. A. Nulton commanding ; 
preceded by 2d Regiment and Woodstock bands, and represented 
by the following companies, each containing about 32 men : 
Woodstock Guards, Capt, Baker commanding ; Winchester Light 
Infantry, Capt. Trenary commanding ; Harrisonburg Guards, 
Capt. Roller commanding; Roanoke Light Infantry, Capt. Rives 
commanding; JeflP. Davis Rifles of Salem, Capt. Strouse com- 



58 The Procession. 

mantling ; Pocahontas Guards, Capt. Lewis commanding ; Toms- 
brook Company, Capt. Flemming commanding. 

The Lynchburg Volunteers, accompanied by a drum corps, 
comprising : 

Virginia Zouaves, 25 men, Capt. Craighill commanding ; 

Home Guards, 25 men, Capt. Camm commanding ; 

Fitz Lee Troop (dismounted), 23 men, Capt. Ingram com- 
manding ; 

Light Artillery Blues (without guns), 26 men, Capt. Dillon 
commanding. 

Veterans of First Va. Cavalry, 40 men, mounted, Maj. Charles 
F. Jordan commanding. 

Students of Washington and Lee University with University 
banner. 

Citizens on horseback and in carriages. 

Following came carriages containing the orator, presiding offi- 
cer, chaplain of the day, and sculptor ; Mrs. Jackson, her two 
little grand-children, Julia Jackson Christian and Thomas Jackson 
Christian, W. E. Christian and Miss Christian ; ladies of the 
Jackson Memorial Association, the Executive Committee of the 
Association, distinguished officers of the Confederacy, and distin- 
guished guests. 

The procession marched up Main street, and as it passed the 
cemetery gate the Rockbridge Artillery filed to the left, and mov- 
ing through the cemetery took their position at their guns in the 
rear of the cemetery. 

The following graphic description of the unveiling is taken 
from the Rockbridge County News : 

" The procession marched around and to the rear of the cemetery 
by the way of the Fair Ground road, and was massed in a field 
south of and about three hundred yards distant from it. As the 
head of the column reached the given point it halted, and a line 
was formed coming to a front face. Then another line was formed 
in close order in the rear of this, and so on until a solid phalanx 
was formed — a phalanx of veterans as brave, too, as ever stood 
invincible on Greece's historic fields. The volunteers stood in the 
rear. This done they awaited the unveiling. The troops and the 



The Procession. 59 

cemetery were each on opposite hills, and each well in view of the 
other. 

" In the meantime the people had filled the cemetery grounds, 
and the carriages with Mrs. Jackson and her little grandchildren 
and the distinguished gentlemen and honored visitors of the occa- 
sion had arrived. Beside the statue was erected a little platform 
upon which those who were to do the unveiling might stand and 
could be seen. 

" A few minutes before the last of the soldiers had filed in, which 
was to be the signal, Mrs. Jackson, the wife, and little Julia 
Jackson Christian, aged five years, and Thomas Jackson Christian, 
aged three years, the grandchildren of "Stonewall" Jackson, 
mounted the steps. Mrs. Jackson is a matronly lady, with a 
pleasant face and a quiet, dignified manner. Her appearance 
would not at all indicate that she had been a widow twenty-eight 
years. The little children are sweet little prattlers with blue eyes 
and curly yellow hair. They are pretty children, and would be so 
pronounced without regard to any sentiment connected with their 
lineage. They were neatly dressed in white, and were bareheaded 
during the ceremonies. Whilst waiting they conducted themselves 
with a good deal of childish playfulness. The little one especially 
showed a disposition to pull the string before the time, and his 
grandmother had to watch his little hands very closely. 

" When the signal gun sounded the two little children with united 
hands pulled the cord and let the veil fall, and this grand statue of 
the great Jackson was unveiled to the admiring gaze of the thou- 
sands around it. The cannoneers of the old Rockbridge Artillery 
at the foot of the hill announced the event with fifteen guns, from 
the cannon which they used at First Manassas, and a shout such as 
these quiet precincts never before heard, rent the air. It was 
answered by the veterans on the other side with an old-fashioned 
' rebel yell.' The reverberating hills took it up and echo carried 
it into the deep recesses of the blue mountains, where it died away 
into sweet musical cadences, and was lost in the distance. The 
armed infantry fired volleys till it sounded like a real battle was in 
progress. 

" As the battery ceased firing. Gen. Walker again put his column 
in motion. They passed down and in at the rear of the cemetery. 



60 The Procession. 

and along the broad pathway by the statue, and out at the main 
entrance. As the old veterans approached the statue they gazed 
upon it as it were with reverence, and as they passed saluted. 
Some were heard to say, ' That is old Jack.' One stopped and 
looked intently upon it, and solemnly said, ' This is Jackson,' and 
passing his hand over his eyes was heard to mutter, ' May God 
preserve it,' and marched on. The bands that at first approached 
played ' Dixie,' and excited a little cheering, but the vast crowd 
was remarkably serious looking. The last bands which came 
played solemn tunes." 

The procession returned to the University campus, some drop- 
ping out as they passed their quarters, where it dispersed. 



INCIDENTS OF THE PROCESSION. 



We are again indebted to the Rockbridge County News for in- 
cidents of the procession : 

" As the procession advanced the stalwart and soldier-like form 
of Gen. Walker was everywhere recognized, and he was repeatedly 
cheered. 

" The surviving veterans of the Stonewall Brigade marched in 
simple civilian's dress and yet were no less objects of universal 
interest and applause. The brigade marched in order of the regi- 
ments which composed it. The 2d, Col. Nadenbousch command- 
ing, had a large representation of veterans from the counties of 
Berkeley and Jefferson. The 4th was commanded by Adjutant 
William Wade and was well represented. The 5th, under its old 
commander. Col. J. H. Williams, had hardly less than 200 men in 
line from Augusta. The representatives here from the 27th were 
largely Rockbridge men with a few from West Virginia, and with 
the 33d were commanded by Capt. Frank C. Wilson, of the 
27th. 

" Many companies got the few men that represented their old 
contingent and marched together, it may be said, for the last time. 
Borne at the head of the 27th by Sergeant R. S. McCartney, of 
Union, was a historic flag. It was the flag of that regiment which 
he carried just 30 years before that day at its head at the battle of 
the first Manassas. It is of silk and scarred and faded, but it is a 
beautiful piece of handiwork, and evidently the work of some fair 
daughters of the Confederacy. Sergeant McCartney wore in the 
parade an old Confederate uniform worn by him in the army. In 

61 



62 Incidents of the Peocession. 

the centre of the brigade, on a beautiful Kentucky horse, rode its 
commander. Col. Andrew Jackson Grigsby, of the 27th. He sat 
erect as an arrow. His face and form looked emaciated, but he 
had a vigorous bearing. He wore a long, flowing, gray beard, and 
a full suit of gray hair was brushed back from his forehead, and 
he was attired in an unpretentious suit of gray. From the time 
he entered Main street at Henry until the procession was dismissed, 
he bore his white hat in his hand above his head, and as he ad- 
vanced looked neither to right nor left. One of his soldiers 
remarked of his old commander that he had again the light of 
battle in his eye. He was a unique and striking figure, and 
attracted widespread attention. 

" The veteran camps from the eastern part of the State were uni- 
formed in gray and with their fine bands of music and handsome 
escort, the Richmond Light Infantry Blues, were a very imposing 
part of the parade. 

" The mountain veterans from Romney, and the numerous con- 
tingent from the valley represented in the Winchester camp, were, 
like the Stonewall Brigade, in civilian's dress, but their familiar 
record of valor assured for them a hearty welcome along the line. 
Borne aloft by veterans from Woodstock was a tattered battle 
flag which had been at first Manassas. Upon it was ' Muhlenburg 
Rifles, July 21, 1861.' 

"The most beautiful spectacle presented by the veteran organi- 
zations was by the Marylanders. In their columns were upheld 
three historic Confederate battle flags. 

" The North Carolina men were distinguished by the large 
white helmets which they wore. On Virginia's soil they had often 
displayed heroic valor, and all rejoiced at their presence here on 
Tuesday. 

" The volunteer soldiers, with their bright uniforms and shining 
arms, added vastly to the effect of the procession. 

" A pleasant remembrance of this procession is that every com- 
pany and organization received a full share of the honest and 
hearty welcome and applause. 

" The recognition of Mrs. Jackson and her grandchildren 
aroused much enthusiasm." 



Incidents of the Peocession. 63 

We add the following from the Washington Post : 

" Right in front of the stand S. M. Bosworth, of Beverly, W. 
Va., raised proudly aloft a bullet- torn battle-flag, presented to the 
Thirty-first Virginia Regiment by General Jackson, at West 
View, when the army was reorganized. It was carried all through 
the war, from the battle of McDowell on the sixth day of May, 
1862, to the battle of Fredericksburg, Va., on the 13th of Decem- 
ber, 1863, when it was given to Mr. Bosworth's sister for safe- 
keeping. The color-bearer who carried it at Sharpsburg fell dead 
with his head blown off by a shell, but the soldiers picked the flag 
out of his blood, and to-day, all smoke-begrimed and stained and 
torn, it waved under the sunshine of a peaceful sky." 

Free lunch had been prepared at the Public School building, 
Franklin Hall, the gymnasium of the Washington and Lee Uni- 
versity, and the mess-hall of the Virginia Military Institute, for 
veterans and strangers, of which thousands partook. Every pri- 
vate house was thrown open and bountiful lunches spread, to 
which the invited as well as uninvited, especially veterans, were 
equally welcome. Few if any went away unfed or dissatisfied. 
To add to the comfort of the crowd huge barrels of ice water were 
placed on the University campus and along the streets, which were 
constantly replenished, more than 3,500 pounds of ice having been 
used. 

Good order and good humor prevailed, and all seemed to be 
delighted with the day. The trains soon commenced to leave and 
thousands hied their way homewards. Many remained over night 
and were handsomely entertained by the citizens and the com- 
mittee, and left the next morning with their haversacks well filled. 
Many lingered, and it was several days before all the strangers had 
left. Thus closed the most eventful day in the more than a cen- 
tury of Lexington's existence. Such a day is not likely to occur 
for another century ! 



CONCLUSION. 



The Executive Committee had little left to do. Its work prac- 
tically ended with the unveiling ceremonies. The Committee, 
however, met on the 23d to close up its business. 

Col. Edmondson, the chairman, through the town papers, 
acknowledged the fidelity and ability with which the several com- 
mittees, to wit : John L. Campbell, chairman, and his associates ; 
John P. Welsh, chairman, and his associates; E. L. Graham, 
chairman, and his associates, and Col. E. W. Nichols, chairman, 
and his associates, had discharged their labor and duty in connec- 
tion with the preparation for the unveiling exercises of the 21st 
instant. 

The committee passed resolutions thanking Mr. E. J. Leyburn 
for the fidelity and efficiency with which he discharged the duty of 
superintending the erection of the pedestal and monument ; Prof. 
D. C. Humphreys, C. E., for his valuable services generously 
given by him to the Association in connection with the designing 
and erection of the pedestal and vault; Charles M, Figgat, Esq., 
for his faithful and valuable and efficient services as treasurer of 
this Association from its organization to the completion of its 
work ; and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, through 
Decatur Axtell, vice-president, and the Richmond and Danville 
Railroad Company, through Edmund Berkeley, superintendent, 
for generously remitting all charges for the transportation of the 
stone from the quarries to Lexington. 

The Committee audited their accounts and after paying all bills 

found they had a balance to their credit in the Bank of Lexington 

of $974.88. After paying for a railing around the monument and 

for this publication they expect to have a balance of $500, which 

64 



Conclusion. 65 

they propose to invest so as to have an income for contingencies 
and for the preservation of their work. They do not propose to 
disband, but will preserve their organization for the care and pro- 
tection of their sacred trust. 

This sketch would be incomplete if it did not bear testimony to 
the zeal, enthusiasm, and energy shown by Col. James K. Ed- 
mondson, chairman of the Executive Committee, which contributed 
so much to the success of the enterprise, and to whose executive 
ability the success of the unveiling ceremonies was so greatly due. 

And now the Committee have accomplished their pious work, 
which has engaged their anxious care for the last eight years — how 
well let others judge. They think they have erected a worthy and 
fitting memorial of their illustrious commander. 

But Jackson needed no monument to perpetuate his fame. His 
fervent piety, religious zeal, and stern devotion to duty will place 
him in history alongside the noblest heroes of Christendom ; while 
his military career, in boldness of conception, celerity of move- 
ment, and successful achievement, rivals those of the greatest sol- 
diers of ancient or modern times. 






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